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Related Concept Videos

Skin Diseases and Disorders01:23

Skin Diseases and Disorders

Skin is the first line of defense and encounters a variety of microbes. Some pathogenic strains are often the cause of a broad range of infections of the skin and other body systems. These conditions can affect people of all ages and may have different causes, including genetic factors, infections, autoimmune reactions, environmental factors, and lifestyle choices.
Gram-positive Staphylococcus spp. and Streptococcus spp. are responsible for many of the most common skin infections. However, many...
Urinary Tract Infection I: Introduction01:26

Urinary Tract Infection I: Introduction

Urinary tract infections (UTIs) impact various parts of the urinary system, including the kidneys, ureters, bladder, and urethra. These infections are generally bacterial, with Escherichia coli being the most common causative agent, often originating from the gastrointestinal tract. However, other bacteria, such as Staphylococcus saprophyticus, Klebsiella pneumoniae, and Proteus mirabilis, are also known to cause UTIs. The type, location, and underlying complexity of the UTI guide both...
Overview of Fungi01:29

Overview of Fungi

Fungi are a diverse group of eukaryotes more closely related to animals than other eukaryotes. Fungal cell walls comprise chitin, a polysaccharide that provides structural strength, and glucans, which contribute to flexibility and integrity. Other polysaccharides, such as mannans and galactosans, may supplement or replace chitin in some fungi. These adaptations, along with their preference for acidic environments and tolerance for high osmotic pressure, enable fungi to thrive in various...
Cryptococcal Meningitis01:27

Cryptococcal Meningitis

Cryptococcal meningitis is a life-threatening opportunistic infection predominantly associated with HIV/AIDS, accounting for over 100,000 deaths annually worldwide. However, it also affects individuals with other forms of immunosuppression, including those undergoing immunosuppressive therapy, organ transplant recipients, patients with innate immunodeficiencies, and individuals with hematological disorders. The infection is caused mainly by Cryptococcus neoformans and Cryptococcus gattii,...
Candidiasis01:20

Candidiasis

Candidiasis is a fungal infection caused by opportunistic species of Candida. It can affect various anatomical sites, including the skin, oral cavity, nails, and genitourinary tract. Among its forms, vaginal candidiasis is the most common type of mucosal infection. It typically results from the overgrowth of Candida albicans in the vaginal mucosa. Under normal conditions, C. albicans exists as a commensal organism within the vaginal microbiota, regulated by the dominance of lactobacilli, which...
Trichomoniasis01:18

Trichomoniasis

Trichomonas vaginalis is a flagellated protozoan parasite and the causative agent of trichomoniasis, one of the most prevalent non-viral sexually transmitted infections in the United States. This extracellular parasite primarily colonizes the lower genitourinary tract in women—particularly the vagina—and in men, the urethra and prostate. Its structural and functional adaptations enable its survival, motility, and pathogenicity within the host environment.Structural Features and Host EntryT.

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Streptococcal vaginosis.

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Vaginal lactobacillosis.

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Evolving pathogens in vulvovaginal candidiasis: implications for patient care.

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Vulvar vestibulitis and vestibular papillomatosis. Report of the ISSVD Committee on Vulvodynia.

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jul 26, 2026

Protocols for Vaginal Inoculation and Sample Collection in the Experimental Mouse Model of Candida vaginitis
07:57

Protocols for Vaginal Inoculation and Sample Collection in the Experimental Mouse Model of Candida vaginitis

Published on: December 8, 2011

Mycotic vulvovaginitis: a broad overview.

B J Horowitz1

  • 1Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Connecticut School of Medicine, Hartford.

American Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology
|October 1, 1991
PubMed
Summary

Mycotic vulvovaginitis, often caused by Candida species, is increasing. Accurate diagnosis and partner treatment are crucial for managing recurrent fungal vaginal infections effectively.

Area of Science:

  • Medical Mycology
  • Infectious Diseases
  • Women's Health

Background:

  • Rising incidence of mycotic vulvovaginitis in the United States.
  • Increased prevalence of Candida species causing these infections.

Purpose of the Study:

  • Highlight the importance of accurate diagnosis for fungal pathogens.
  • Emphasize the need for partner cultures and appropriate antifungal therapy in managing recurrent cases.

Main Methods:

  • Reliance on culture techniques for precise identification of fungal pathogens.
  • Inclusion of sexual partner specimens in diagnostic protocols for recurrent infections.

Main Results:

  • Accurate identification of Candida species is essential for effective treatment.

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Last Updated: Jul 26, 2026

Protocols for Vaginal Inoculation and Sample Collection in the Experimental Mouse Model of Candida vaginitis
07:57

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Published on: December 8, 2011

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Determination of Biofilm Initiation on Virus-infected Cells by Bacteria and Fungi

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  • Recurrent infections necessitate a comprehensive approach involving partner evaluation and therapy.
  • Conclusions:

    • Effective management of mycotic vulvovaginitis requires accurate fungal identification and partner treatment.
    • Antifungal therapies, including imidazoles and triazoles, are key to treating vaginal candidiasis.