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Related Concept Videos

Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder01:30

Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder

Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is a neurodevelopmental disorder characterized by persistent inattention, hyperactivity, and impulsivity. It affects approximately 5-8% of children globally, with around 60-70% of cases persisting into adulthood. ADHD has significant implications for educational attainment, social interactions, and occupational success.
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To diagnose ADHD, symptoms must manifest before age 12 and be evident across multiple settings.
Autism Spectrum Disorder01:19

Autism Spectrum Disorder

Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is a neurodevelopmental condition marked by persistent deficits in social communication and interaction alongside restrictive and repetitive behaviors or interests. ASD is sometimes accompanied by intellectual impairment.
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Oppositional Defiant Disorder01:30

Oppositional Defiant Disorder

A persistent pattern of angry or irritable mood, defiant behavior, or vindictiveness characterizes Oppositional Defiant Disorder (ODD). Symptoms must occur over at least six months, involve interactions with individuals beyond siblings, and meet specific diagnostic criteria to be clinically significant. The disorder affects emotional regulation, social interactions, and behavior, often manifesting early in life and influencing long-term development and functioning.
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Modeling in Therapy01:26

Modeling in Therapy

Modeling, a key technique in therapy, uses observational learning to help clients acquire and practice new skills by watching therapists demonstrate desired behaviors. This approach, rooted in Albert Bandura's concept of vicarious learning, plays a significant role in therapeutic interventions for various psychological conditions, including social anxiety, ADHD, and depression.
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Social Anxiety Disorder01:28

Social Anxiety Disorder

Social anxiety disorder, also known as social phobia, is characterized by an intense fear of social situations where one might face humiliation, rejection, embarrassment, or negative evaluation. This disorder leads individuals to avoid activities like casual conversations, public speaking, or seemingly simple tasks such as eating, signing documents, or swimming, in public settings. Its impact extends beyond discomfort, often significantly interfering with daily functioning and quality of life.
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Personality Disorders: Paranoid and Schizoid

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 22, 2026

Comparing Eye-tracking Data of Children with High-functioning ASD, Comorbid ADHD, and of a Control Watching Social Videos
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Comparing Eye-tracking Data of Children with High-functioning ASD, Comorbid ADHD, and of a Control Watching Social Videos

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Social functioning difficulties in ADHD: association with PDD risk.

Erika Carpenter Rich1, Sandra K Loo, May Yang

  • 1Center for Neurobehavioral Genetics, University of California, Los Angeles, USA.

Clinical Child Psychology and Psychiatry
|June 12, 2009
PubMed
Summary

Children with Attention-Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) experience social challenges, with social immaturity linked more strongly to Pervasive Developmental Disorder (PDD) risk than peer rejection.

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Area of Science:

  • Child Psychology
  • Neurodevelopmental Disorders
  • Social Functioning

Background:

  • Social difficulties are prevalent in Attention-Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD).
  • The specific nature and origins of these social problems, and their links to other developmental disorders like autism or Pervasive Developmental Disorder (PDD), are not well understood.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the diversity of social problems in children and adolescents with ADHD.
  • To explore the relationship between social functioning, PDD risk, and other ADHD-related symptoms.

Main Methods:

  • Assessed social functioning in 379 children and adolescents with ADHD using the Child Behavior Checklist.
  • Employed factor analysis and structural equation modeling to identify social factors.
  • Examined the association between a PDD risk factor and identified social factors.

Main Results:

  • Two distinct social factors emerged: Peer Rejection and Social Immaturity.
  • Both factors were significantly associated with PDD risk.
  • Social Immaturity showed a stronger association with PDD risk (beta = .51) compared to Peer Rejection (beta = .29).
  • Social Immaturity correlated with hyperactivity symptoms.
  • Peer Rejection correlated with aggression and lower IQ.

Conclusions:

  • Social functioning in ADHD is multifaceted, encompassing Peer Rejection and Social Immaturity.
  • Social Immaturity is particularly relevant to PDD risk in children with ADHD.
  • Understanding these social dimensions can inform targeted interventions for ADHD.