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Pneumothorax-II

Pneumothorax-II

Pneumothorax is a medical condition defined by the buildup of air in the pleural space between the lungs and the chest wall. This accumulation of air can lead to partial or complete lung collapse, resulting in a range of clinical manifestations. Understanding the clinical presentation and effective management strategies is crucial for healthcare professionals in providing timely and appropriate care to individuals with pneumothorax.
Clinical Manifestations:

Pneumothorax-I

Pneumothorax-I

A pneumothorax is a condition where air builds up in the space between the lung and the chest wall, causing the lung to collapse. This condition arises when air enters the space between the parietal and visceral pleura, disrupting the negative pressure essential for lung inflation. This can lead to a partial or complete collapse of the lung.
Pneumothorax can be even further classified as spontaneous, traumatic, and tension pneumothorax.

Pneumothorax II: Pathophysiology

Pneumothorax II: Pathophysiology

Pneumothorax means the presence of air in the pleural space — the thin potential gap between the visceral and parietal pleura. This condition disrupts the normal pressure balance that keeps the lungs inflated, leading to partial or complete collapse of the affected lung.Normal physiologyUnder normal conditions, the pleural space maintains a slightly negative intrapleural pressure, which keeps the lungs expanded against the chest wall. This negative pressure creates a delicate balance between...

Pulmonary Embolism I: Introduction

Pulmonary Embolism I: Introduction

Pulmonary embolism (PE) occurs when a thrombus, fat or air embolus, amniotic fluid, or tumor tissue blocks one or more pulmonary arteries. These blockages originate in the venous system or the right side of the heart.EtiologyPE primarily arises from deep vein thrombosis (DVT) and other hypercoagulable states, such as inherited thrombophilias. Additional etiological factors include venous stasis, commonly seen in obesity, and endothelial injury from surgery and trauma. Less common causes include...

Pulmonary Embolism I: Introduction

Pulmonary Embolism I: Introduction

A blood clot, or thrombus, is a semi-solid mass composed of fibrin, platelets, and red blood cells. When it forms within a vessel, it can obstruct blood flow, known as thrombosis. If part of the clot detaches, it becomes an embolus that can travel and block distant vessels. When this occurs in the pulmonary arteries, it causes a condition known as pulmonary embolism (PE).Origin and ImpactMost often, the embolus originates from a thrombus in the deep veins of the lower limbs, a condition called...

Aneurysm II: Clinical Manifestations and Diagnostic Studies

Aneurysm II: Clinical Manifestations and Diagnostic Studies

Thoracic, aortic arch and abdominal aneurysms are significant vascular conditions that can present with various clinical manifestations and lead to serious complications. Understanding these manifestations and the appropriate diagnostic studies is essential for effective management and treatment.Thoracic Aortic AneurysmsThoracic aortic aneurysms often remain asymptomatic until they reach a size that impinges on adjacent structures. They typically cause deep, diffuse chest pain that radiates to...

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Thoracoscopic Extended Right Middle Plus Lower Sleeve Lobectomy for Non-Small-Cell Lung Cancer

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Pulmonary angiosarcoma presenting as spontaneous recurrent hemothorax.

Andrea Campione¹, Giuseppe Forte, Luca Luzzi

¹Thoracic Surgery Unit, Department of Pathology, Hospital of Cuneo, Cuneo, Italycampioneandrea@libero.it

Asian Cardiovascular & Thoracic Annals

|June 12, 2009

Summary

Pulmonary angiosarcoma, a rare cancer, was incidentally found in an elderly woman experiencing recurrent bleeding. This case highlights the importance of investigating spontaneous hemothorax.

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The Left Pneumonectomy Combined with Monocrotaline or Sugen as a Model of Pulmonary Hypertension in Rats

The Left Pneumonectomy Combined with Monocrotaline or Sugen as a Model of Pulmonary Hypertension in Rats

Published on: March 8, 2019

Area of Science:

Oncology
Thoracic Surgery
Diagnostic Imaging

Background:

Pulmonary angiosarcoma is a rare and aggressive vascular tumor originating in the lungs.
Spontaneous hemothorax, the accumulation of blood in the pleural space without apparent trauma, is an uncommon clinical presentation.

Observation:

An 85-year-old female patient presented with repeated episodes of unexplained bleeding.
Surgical exploration was undertaken due to the persistent and severe nature of the bleeding episodes.

Findings:

Pulmonary angiosarcoma was incidentally diagnosed during surgical exploration for recurrent bleeding.
The tumor's presence was not suspected prior to the surgical intervention.

Implications:

This case underscores the necessity of thorough investigation for spontaneous hemothorax, even in elderly patients.
Early detection and diagnosis of rare thoracic malignancies like pulmonary angiosarcoma are crucial for patient outcomes.
Highlights the role of surgical exploration in diagnosing obscure causes of hemothorax.