Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 22, 2026

Infrared Degenerate Four-wave Mixing with Upconversion Detection for Quantitative Gas Sensing
10:42

Infrared Degenerate Four-wave Mixing with Upconversion Detection for Quantitative Gas Sensing

Published on: March 22, 2019

Infrared to visible upconversion of Nd(3+) ions in KPb(2)Br(5) low phonon crystal

Rolindes Balda, Joaquín Fernández, Ei Ei Nyein

    Optics Express
    |June 12, 2009
    PubMed

    More Related Videos

    Low Pressure Vapor-assisted Solution Process for Tunable Band Gap Pinhole-free Methylammonium Lead Halide Perovskite Films08:12

    Low Pressure Vapor-assisted Solution Process for Tunable Band Gap Pinhole-free Methylammonium Lead Halide Perovskite Films

    Published on: September 8, 2017

    High Resolution Phonon-assisted Quasi-resonance Fluorescence Spectroscopy10:40

    High Resolution Phonon-assisted Quasi-resonance Fluorescence Spectroscopy

    Published on: June 28, 2016

    Related Concept Videos

    IR Absorption Frequency: Hybridization01:21

    IR Absorption Frequency: Hybridization

    Hydrocarbons such as alkanes, alkenes, and alkynes show characteristic C–H stretching absorption bands. These IR stretching frequencies depend on the hybridization of the involved carbon atom and can be explained in terms of the s character of each hybridized atomic orbital.
    Among the sp, sp2, and sp3 hybridized orbitals, sp orbitals have the maximum s character (50%). Consequently, the electrons are held more closely to the nucleus, resulting in stronger and shorter C–H bonds that stretch at a...
    Infrared (IR) Spectroscopy: Overview01:09

    Infrared (IR) Spectroscopy: Overview

    When electromagnetic radiation passes through a material, atoms or molecules transition from a lower to a higher energy state by absorbing radiation corresponding to the energy difference between the two states. The absorption of infrared (IR) radiation causes transitions between vibrational energy levels in a molecule. Therefore, IR spectroscopy is a useful analytical tool for determining the molecular structure of molecules.
    Different compounds display unique properties due to their...
    IR Absorption Frequency: Delocalization01:04

    IR Absorption Frequency: Delocalization

    Electron delocalization refers to the distribution of electrons across multiple atoms within a molecule rather than being confined to a single atom or bond. This phenomenon is common in systems with conjugated bonds—structures where alternating single and double bonds allow π-electrons to move freely across the network. The movement of electrons stabilizes the molecule and can affect various chemical properties, including vibrational frequencies observed in IR spectroscopy.
    In IR spectroscopy,...
    IR Spectroscopy: Molecular Vibration Overview01:24

    IR Spectroscopy: Molecular Vibration Overview

    When Infrared (IR) radiation passes through a covalently bonded molecule, the bonds transition from lower to higher vibrational levels. The fundamental vibrational motions that result in infrared absorption can be classified as stretching or bending vibrations.
    Stretching vibrations are vibrational motions that occur along the bond line, changing the bond length or distance between two bonded atoms. They are further distinguished as symmetric or asymmetric. In symmetric stretching, the...
    IR Spectrum Peak Broadening: Hydrogen Bonding01:23

    IR Spectrum Peak Broadening: Hydrogen Bonding

    The vibrational frequency of a bond is directly proportional to its bond strength. As a result, stronger bonds vibrate at higher frequencies, while weaker bonds vibrate at lower frequencies. The stretching vibration of the strong O–H bond in alcohols and phenols (very dilute solution or gas phase) appears as a sharp peak at 3600–3650 cm−1.
    However, the extent of hydrogen bonding influences the observed stretching frequency and band broadening. Intermolecular or intramolecular hydrogen bonding...
    UV–Vis Spectroscopy: Molecular Electronic Transitions01:16

    UV–Vis Spectroscopy: Molecular Electronic Transitions

    In Ultraviolet–Visible (UV–Vis) spectroscopy, the absorption of electromagnetic radiation is used to probe the electronic structure of molecules. This technique provides insights into molecular electronic transitions, particularly the movement of electrons between different molecular orbitals. Radiation is absorbed if the energy of the electromagnetic radiation passing through the molecule is precisely equal to the energy difference between the excited and ground states. During this process,...