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Updated: Jun 22, 2026

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Published on: December 15, 2021
Optical frequency synthesis from a cryogenic microwave sapphire oscillator
Abstract:
We demonstrate an optical frequency comb with fractional frequency instability of =2x10(-14) at measurement times near 1 s, when the 10th harmonic of the comb spacing is controlled by a liquid helium cooled microwave sapphire oscillator. The frequency instability of the comb is estimated by comparing it to a cavity-stabilized optical oscillator. The less conventional approach of synthesizing low-noise optical signals from a microwave source is relevant when a laboratory has microwave sources with frequency stability superior to their optical counterparts. We describe the influence of high frequency environmental noise and how it impacts the phase-stabilized frequency comb performance at integration times less than 1 s.

