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Related Concept Videos

Design Example: Underdamped Parallel RLC Circuit01:17

Design Example: Underdamped Parallel RLC Circuit

Consider designing an oscillator circuit, a crucial component in various electronic devices and systems. The objective is to create an oscillator circuit with specific characteristics: a damped natural frequency of 4 kHz and a damping factor of 4 radians per second. To accomplish this, a parallel RLC circuit is employed, known for its ability to sustain oscillations at a resonant frequency. In this case, the damping factor is pivotal in achieving the desired performance.
Starting with a fixed...
Concept of Resonance and its Characteristics01:19

Concept of Resonance and its Characteristics

If a driven oscillator needs to resonate at a specific frequency, then very light damping is required. An example of light damping includes playing piano strings and many other musical instruments. Conversely, to achieve small-amplitude oscillations as in a car's suspension system, heavy damping is required. Heavy damping reduces the amplitude, but the tradeoff is that the system responds at more frequencies. Speed bumps and gravel roads prove that even a car's suspension system is not immune...
RLC Circuit as a Damped Oscillator01:30

RLC Circuit as a Damped Oscillator

An RLC circuit combines a resistor, inductor, and capacitor, connected in a series or parallel combination.
Consider a series RLC circuit. Here, the presence of resistance in the circuit leads to energy loss due to joule heating in the resistance. Therefore, the total electromagnetic energy in the circuit is no longer constant and decreases with time. Since the magnitude of charge, current, and potential difference continuously decreases, their oscillations are said to be damped. This is...
Standing Waves in a Cavity01:28

Standing Waves in a Cavity

A household microwave and lasers are examples of standing electromagnetic waves in a cavity. When two conducting metal plates are placed parallel at the nodal planes, it creates a cavity where standing waves are formed. The cavity between the two planes is analogous to a stretched string held at the points x = 0 and x = L. Here, the distance 'L' between the two planes must be an integer multiple of half of the wavelength. The wavelengths that satisfy this condition are given by:

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Synthesis and Operation of Fluorescent-core Microcavities for Refractometric Sensing
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CWDM self-referencing sensor network based on ring resonators in reflective configuration.

Julio Montalvo, Carmen Vázquez, David S Montero

    Optics Express
    |June 12, 2009
    PubMed
    Summary

    A novel scalable sensor network using Coarse Wavelength Division Multiplexing (CWDM) enables remote, self-referenced measurements up to 35 km without optical amplification. This innovative design enhances transducer sensitivity using Fibre Bragg gratings (FBG) and Ring Resonators (RR).

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    Area of Science:

    • Optical Engineering
    • Sensor Networks
    • Telecommunications

    Background:

    • Traditional sensor networks often require optical amplification for long-distance measurements.
    • Implementing self-referenced sensing can be complex and costly.
    • Coarse Wavelength Division Multiplexing (CWDM) offers a cost-effective approach for multiplexing optical signals.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To introduce a scalable, self-referencing sensor network with low insertion losses.
    • To enable remote measurements over extended fiber optic links without amplification.
    • To leverage CWDM technology and Fibre Bragg Gratings (FBG) for enhanced performance and cost-effectiveness.

    Main Methods:

    • Development of a novel sensor network topology utilizing CWDM technology.
    • Integration of Fibre Bragg Gratings (FBG) for reflective configuration and increased transducer sensitivity.
    • Implementation of Ring Resonator (RR) based incoherent interferometers for self-referencing at measurement points.
    • Theoretical power budget analysis comparing the proposed topology with a conventional star topology.

    Main Results:

    • Demonstration of a scalable self-referencing sensor network with low insertion losses.
    • Successful remote self-referenced measurements achieved over a 35 km full-duplex fiber downlead.
    • Elimination of the need for optical amplification in the proposed network configuration.
    • Experimental validation of the network's performance and feasibility using off-the-shelf CWDM devices.

    Conclusions:

    • The proposed CWDM-based sensor network offers a scalable and cost-effective solution for remote, self-referenced measurements.
    • The integration of FBG and RR technologies enhances sensitivity and simplifies network design.
    • The system's ability to operate without optical amplification over significant distances represents a key advancement.