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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 22, 2026

Microwave Photonics Systems Based on Whispering-gallery-mode Resonators
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Published on: August 5, 2013

Subwavelength waveguide grating for mode conversion and light coupling in integrated optics.

P Cheben, D-X Xu, S Janz

    Optics Express
    |June 12, 2009
    PubMed
    Summary
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    We developed a novel subwavelength grating (SWG) coupler for efficient mode conversion between optical fibers and sub-micrometer waveguides. This method minimizes reflection loss and achieves low coupling loss on silicon-on-insulator platforms.

    Area of Science:

    • Photonics and Optical Engineering
    • Nanophotonics
    • Integrated Optics

    Background:

    • Efficient coupling between optical fibers and sub-micrometer waveguides is crucial for integrated photonic circuits.
    • Existing methods often suffer from high insertion loss, reflection, and fabrication challenges.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To propose and demonstrate a new mode converter and coupler using subwavelength gratings (SWGs).
    • To achieve low-loss, high-efficiency coupling between optical fibers and silicon waveguides.
    • To investigate the performance and scalability of SWG-based couplers.

    Main Methods:

    • Utilized subwavelength gratings (SWGs) with periods smaller than the Bragg period for gradual mode index modification.
    • Employed two-dimensional Finite Difference Time Domain (FDTD) simulations.

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  • Designed structures for the silicon-on-insulator (SOI) platform with a 0.3 micrometer silicon core thickness.

    • Main Results:

    • Achieved a coupling loss as low as 0.9 dB for a 50 micrometer long SWG device.
    • Demonstrated low excess loss due to fiber misalignment: 0.07 dB (transverse) and 0.24 dB (angular).
    • Reported successful scaling of SWG coupler length down to 10 micrometers, considering fabrication effects.

    Conclusions:

    • The proposed SWG coupler offers a promising solution for efficient fiber-to-waveguide coupling.
    • The method minimizes reflection loss and is robust against misalignment.
    • The principle is advantageous for fabricating 3D coupling structures and enables miniaturization.