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Related Concept Videos

Conservation of Angular Momentum: Application01:18

Conservation of Angular Momentum: Application

A system's total angular momentum remains constant if the net external torque acting on the system is zero. Examples of such systems include a freely spinning bicycle tire that slows over time due to torque arising from friction, or the slowing of Earth's rotation over millions of years due to frictional forces exerted on tidal deformations. However in the absence of a net external torque, the angular momentum remains conserved. The conservation of angular momentum principle requires a change...
Conservation of Angular Momentum01:09

Conservation of Angular Momentum

A system's total angular momentum remains constant if the net external torque acting on the system is zero. Considering a system that consists of n tiny particles, the angular momentum of any tiny particle may change, but the system's total angular momentum would remain constant. The principle of conservation of angular momentum only considers the net external torque acting on the system. While there are internal forces exerted by different particles within the system that also produce internal...
Atomic Nuclei: Larmor Precession Frequency01:11

Atomic Nuclei: Larmor Precession Frequency

The earth's gravitational field produces a 'twisting force' perpendicular to the angular momentum of a spinning mass (such as a spinning top) that causes the mass to 'wobble' around the gravitational field axis in a phenomenon called precession. Similarly, the magnetic moment (μ) of a spinning nucleus precesses due to an external magnetic field directed along the z-axis. The precession of the magnetic moment vector about the magnetic field is called Larmor precession, and the angular frequency...
Angular Momentum: Single Particle01:10

Angular Momentum: Single Particle

Angular momentum is directed perpendicular to the plane of the rotation, and its magnitude depends on the choice of the origin. The perpendicular vector joining the linear momentum vector of an object to the origin is called the “lever arm.” If the lever arm and linear momentum are collinear, then the magnitude of the angular momentum is zero. Therefore, in this case, the object rotates about the origin such that it lies on the rim of the circumference defined by the lever arm magnitude.
The...
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The Doppler effect has several practical, real-world applications. For instance, meteorologists use Doppler radars to interpret weather events based on the Doppler effect. Typically, a transmitter emits radio waves at a specific frequency toward the sky from a weather station. The radio waves bounce off the clouds and precipitation and travel back to the weather station. The radio frequency of the waves reflected back to the station appears to decrease if the clouds or precipitation are moving...
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Angular Momentum about an Arbitrary Axis

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 22, 2026

The Generation of Higher-order Laguerre-Gauss Optical Beams for High-precision Interferometry
12:14

The Generation of Higher-order Laguerre-Gauss Optical Beams for High-precision Interferometry

Published on: August 12, 2013

Tuning the orbital angular momentum in optical vortex beams.

Christian H J Schmitz, Kai Uhrig, Joachim P Spatz

    Optics Express
    |June 12, 2009
    PubMed
    Summary

    Researchers developed a method to precisely control orbital angular momentum density in optical vortex beams. By interfering two vortex beams, they can tune this property without altering the beam's topological charge or intensity pattern.

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    Direct Imaging of Laser-driven Ultrafast Molecular Rotation
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    Published on: February 4, 2017

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    The Generation of Higher-order Laguerre-Gauss Optical Beams for High-precision Interferometry
    12:14

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    Published on: August 12, 2013

    Direct Imaging of Laser-driven Ultrafast Molecular Rotation
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    Direct Imaging of Laser-driven Ultrafast Molecular Rotation

    Published on: February 4, 2017

    Area of Science:

    • Optics and Photonics
    • Quantum Optics
    • Laser Physics

    Background:

    • Optical vortex beams carry orbital angular momentum (OAM), crucial for applications in optical manipulation and communication.
    • Controlling the local OAM density is challenging without affecting beam geometry or topological charge.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To introduce a novel method for tuning the local orbital angular momentum density in optical vortex beams.
    • To demonstrate that this tuning can be achieved without altering the beam's topological charge or overall intensity distribution.

    Main Methods:

    • Interfering two collinear optical vortex beams with equal but opposite helicity.
    • Adjusting the relative amplitudes (a and b) of the interfering beams.
    • Analyzing the resultant vortex beam's properties, including OAM density and intensity distribution.

    Main Results:

    • A method was successfully developed to smoothly vary the local OAM density.
    • The topological charge and geometric intensity distribution of the resultant beam remained unchanged.
    • The local OAM density was found to be constant on the vortex annulus and directly scaled with the modulation parameter c = (a-b)/(a+b).

    Conclusions:

    • The interference of counter-helical vortex beams offers a versatile approach to control OAM density.
    • This technique provides a way to decouple OAM density control from topological charge, enabling new optical beam functionalities.