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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 22, 2026

Surface Renewal: An Advanced Micrometeorological Method for Measuring and Processing Field-Scale Energy Flux Density Data

Surface Renewal: An Advanced Micrometeorological Method for Measuring and Processing Field-Scale Energy Flux Density Data

Published on: December 12, 2013

Shade material evaluation using a cattle response model and meteorological instrumentation.

Roger A Eigenberg¹, Tami M Brown-Brandl, John A Nienaber

¹US Meat Animal Research Center, USDA-ARS, Clay Center, NE 68933, USA. roger.eigenberg@ars.usda.gov

International Journal of Biometeorology

|June 12, 2009

Summary

Shade structures effectively reduce heat stress in feedlot cattle. Different materials, including polyethylene and snow fence, all proved beneficial in lowering stress levels during peak daylight hours.

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Area of Science:

Animal Science
Agricultural Engineering
Environmental Science

Background:

Feedlot cattle experience heat stress, impacting welfare and productivity.
Selecting effective shade materials is crucial for mitigating this stress.
Quantifiable data on shade material performance is needed.

Purpose of the Study:

To estimate the relative effectiveness of various shade materials in reducing heat stress in feedlot cattle.
To quantify the impact of different shade structures on thermal load.
To provide data for informed selection of shade materials.

Main Methods:

Instrumented shade structures with solar radiation meters and black globe thermometers were used.
Meteorological data (temperature, humidity, wind speed, solar radiation) were collected.
Physiological and black globe temperature models analyzed stress levels.

Main Results:

All tested shade materials significantly reduced the time cattle spent in the highest stress category.
Significant differences in effectiveness were observed between shade materials and no-shade conditions.
Hourly summaries during peak daylight and full sun days showed consistent benefits.

Conclusions:

Shade structures are a viable method for reducing heat stress in feedlot cattle.
Various shade materials offer significant stress reduction benefits.
Data supports the selection of appropriate shade materials for improved animal welfare.