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Related Concept Videos

Solvents01:12

Solvents

A solvent is a substance, most often a liquid, that can dissolve other substances. Here, the substance being dissolved is called a solute. When a solvent and a solute combine, they form a solution - a homogenous mixture of both the solvent and the solute. Water is a universal biological solvent. Its polar structure allows it to dissolve many other polar compounds. The ability of water to dissolve is governed by a balance between water molecules binding to each other and binding to the solute.
A...
Capillary Electrophoresis: Applications01:30

Capillary Electrophoresis: Applications

Capillary electrophoretic separations offer various modes, each with unique applications. These modes include capillary zone electrophoresis, capillary gel electrophoresis, capillary array electrophoresis, capillary isoelectric focusing, capillary isotachophoresis, micellar electrokinetic chromatography, and capillary electrochromatography.
Capillary zone electrophoresis (CZE) separates ionic components based on their electrophoretic mobility. It has been used to separate proteins, amino acids,...
Entropy and Solvation02:05

Entropy and Solvation

The process of surrounding a solute with solvent is called solvation. It involves evenly distributing the solute within the solvent. The rule of thumb for determining a solvent for a given compound is that like dissolves like. A good solvent has molecular characteristics similar to those of the compound to be dissolved. For example, polar solutions dissolve polar solutes, and apolar solvents dissolve apolar solutes. A polar solvent is a solvent that has a high dielectric constant (ϵ ≥ 15); an...
Sample Preparation for Analysis: Advanced Techniques01:08

Sample Preparation for Analysis: Advanced Techniques

Accurate analysis of complex samples often requires advanced preparation techniques to achieve reliable and reproducible results. Samples containing inorganic or organic materials can be challenging to dissolve or decompose effectively. Standard sample preparation methods include acid digestion, fusion, dry ashing, and wet digestion.
Acid digestion with strong acids is commonly used to dissolve inorganic materials that are insoluble (do not dissolve) in water. This method can be useful for...
Ideal Solutions02:24

Ideal Solutions

According to Raoult’s law, the partial vapor pressure of a solvent in a solution is equal or identical to the vapor pressure of the pure solvent multiplied by its mole fraction in the solution. However, Raoult's Law is only valid for ideal solutions. For a solution to be ideal, the solvent-solute interaction must be just as strong as a solvent-solvent or solute-solute interaction. This suggests that both the solute and the solvent would use the same amount of energy to escape to the vapor phase...
Vapor Pressure Lowering03:28

Vapor Pressure Lowering

The equilibrium vapor pressure of a liquid is the pressure exerted by its gaseous phase when vaporization and condensation are occurring at equal rates: Dissolving a nonvolatile substance in volatile liquid results in a lowering of the liquid’s vapor pressure. This phenomenon can be explained by considering the effect of added solute molecules on the liquid's vaporization and condensation processes. To vaporize, solvent molecules must be present at the surface of the solution. The presence of...

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Organic solvents in CE.

Ernst Kenndler1

  • 1Max F. Perutz Laboratories, Medical University of Vienna, Inst. Med. Biochem., Vienna Biocenter (VBC), Vienna, Austria. ernst.kenndler@univie.ac.at

Electrophoresis
|June 12, 2009
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Organic solvents critically impact capillary electrophoresis (CE) by affecting migration, zone broadening, and resolution. This study clarifies their role in optimizing CE parameters for better analytical outcomes.

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Area of Science:

  • Analytical Chemistry
  • Separation Science

Background:

  • Organic solvents are frequently used in capillary electrophoresis (CE) to modify selectivity and improve analyte solubility.
  • Understanding the fundamental role of organic solvents in CE is crucial for method development and optimization.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To critically evaluate the influence of organic solvents on key parameters in capillary electrophoresis.
  • To elucidate the impact of solvent composition on migration, zone broadening, and peak resolution.
  • To clarify common misconceptions regarding organic solvents in CE literature.

Main Methods:

  • Theoretical analysis of migration and zone broadening in capillary zone electrophoresis.
  • Examination of solvent effects on ionic strength, mobility, and diffusion.
  • Discussion of practical considerations including conductance, voltage, and analysis time.

Main Results:

  • Organic solvents significantly affect electroosmotic flow and electrophoretic mobility.
  • Solvent composition influences various peak broadening mechanisms, including diffusion and electroviscous effects.
  • The ionic strength's dependence on solvent composition impacts analyte mobility.

Conclusions:

  • A clear understanding of solvent-solute-buffer interactions is essential for effective CE method development.
  • Proper selection and control of organic solvents can enhance peak resolution and analytical efficiency in CE.
  • This work aims to resolve ambiguities and provide a foundational understanding for using organic solvents in CE.