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Related Concept Videos

Phase Transitions01:21

Phase Transitions

A phase transition is the process in which a substance changes from one state of matter to another, like from a solid to a liquid, liquid to gas, or vice versa, at a specific temperature and under given pressure conditions. This change is spontaneous and is affected by alterations in temperature and pressure. These parameters impact the strength of the forces between molecules (intermolecular forces) in the substance.During a phase transition, both the initial and final phases of the substance...
Phase Transitions02:31

Phase Transitions

Whether solid, liquid, or gas, a substance's state depends on the order and arrangement of its particles (atoms, molecules, or ions). Particles in the solid pack closely together, generally in a pattern. The particles vibrate about their fixed positions but do not move or squeeze past their neighbors. In liquids, although the particles are closely spaced, they are randomly arranged. The position of the particles are not fixed—that is, they are free to move past their neighbors to occupy...
Phase Transitions: Sublimation and Deposition02:33

Phase Transitions: Sublimation and Deposition

Some solids can transition directly into the gaseous state, bypassing the liquid state, via a process known as sublimation. At room temperature and standard pressure, a piece of dry ice (solid CO2) sublimes, appearing to gradually disappear without ever forming any liquid. Snow and ice sublimate at temperatures below the melting point of water, a slow process that may be accelerated by winds and the reduced atmospheric pressures at high altitudes. When solid iodine is warmed, the solid sublimes...
States of Matter and Phase Changes00:59

States of Matter and Phase Changes

The internal energy of a substance—the total kinetic energy of all its molecules and the potential energy of their associated forces—depends on the strength of the intermolecular forces in the condensed phases and the pressure exerted on the substance. The internal energy of a substance is the highest in the gaseous state, the lowest in the solid state, and intermediate in the liquid state. Phase transitions are caused by changes in physical conditions, such as temperature and pressure, that...
Phase Transitions: Melting and Freezing02:39

Phase Transitions: Melting and Freezing

Heating a crystalline solid increases the average energy of its atoms, molecules, or ions, and the solid gets hotter. At some point, the added energy becomes large enough to partially overcome the forces holding the molecules or ions of the solid in their fixed positions, and the solid begins the process of transitioning to the liquid state or melting. At this point, the temperature of the solid stops rising, despite the continual input of heat, and it remains constant until all of the solid is...
Phase Changes01:19

Phase Changes

Phase transitions play an important theoretical and practical role in the study of heat flow. In melting or fusion, a solid turns into a liquid; the opposite process is freezing. In evaporation, a liquid turns into a gas; the opposite process is condensation.
A substance melts or freezes at a temperature called its melting point and boils or condenses at its boiling point. These temperatures depend on pressure. High pressure favors the denser form of the substance, so typically, high pressure...

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Phase Behavior of Charged Vesicles Under Symmetric and Asymmetric Solution Conditions Monitored with Fluorescence Microscopy
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Simplest nonequilibrium phase transition into an absorbing state.

A C Barato1, Juan A Bonachela, C E Fiore

  • 1Universität Würzburg, Fakultät für Physik und Astronomie, 97074 Würzburg, Germany.

Physical Review. E, Statistical, Nonlinear, and Soft Matter Physics
|June 13, 2009
PubMed
Summary

Particle models with a boundary-induced absorbing phase transition were analyzed. Most models exhibit nontrivial critical exponents, indicating a distinct universality class, unlike a specific solvable bosonic variant.

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Area of Science:

  • Statistical Physics
  • Condensed Matter Physics
  • Complex Systems

Background:

  • Particle models with boundary-induced absorbing phase transitions are crucial for understanding non-equilibrium systems.
  • Previous studies by Deloubrière and van Wijland, and Barato and Hinrichsen laid the groundwork for this research area.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate various particle models exhibiting boundary-induced absorbing state phase transitions.
  • To identify the universality class and critical exponents of these models.
  • To explore the connection between these systems and non-Markovian processes.

Main Methods:

  • Analysis of one-dimensional particle systems with a boundary site for creation/annihilation and a diffusive bulk.
  • Examination of different model variants to identify distinct behaviors.
  • Comparison of critical exponents with mean-field predictions.

Main Results:

  • Most studied particle models display nontrivial critical behavior, deviating from mean-field values.
  • A specific exactly solvable bosonic variant shows a discontinuous transition with trivial exponents.
  • The findings suggest these models belong to a distinct universality class.

Conclusions:

  • The majority of boundary-induced absorbing state models represent a unique universality class.
  • The study highlights the diverse behaviors within these particle systems, distinguishing them from simpler models.
  • A link to (0+1)-dimensional non-Markovian processes was established.