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Related Concept Videos

Entropy Changes Accompanying Specific Processes01:21

Entropy Changes Accompanying Specific Processes

Entropy, a measure of disorder in a system, changes during phase transitions like freezing or boiling. At the transition temperature Ttrs, where two phases are in equilibrium, the phase transition is a reversible process. The entropy change can be calculated from a substance's enthalpy of transition using the equation ΔStrs = ΔtrsH /Ttrs.When a perfect gas expands isothermally from one volume to another, entropy increases logarithmically with volume. Conversely, isothermal compression results...
Entropy Change in Reversible Processes01:10

Entropy Change in Reversible Processes

In the Carnot engine, which achieves the maximum efficiency between two reservoirs of fixed temperatures, the total change in entropy is zero. The observation can be generalized by considering any reversible cyclic process consisting of many Carnot cycles. Thus, it can be stated that the total entropy change of any ideal reversible cycle is zero.
The statement can be further generalized to prove that entropy is a state function. Take a cyclic process between any two points on a p-V diagram.
Multimachine Stability01:25

Multimachine Stability

Multimachine stability analysis is crucial for understanding the dynamics and stability of power systems with multiple synchronous machines. The objective is to solve the swing equations for a network of M machines connected to an N-bus power system.
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Damped Oscillations01:07

Damped Oscillations

In the real world, oscillations seldom follow true simple harmonic motion. A system that continues its motion indefinitely without losing its amplitude is termed undamped. However, friction of some sort usually dampens the motion, so it fades away or needs more force to continue. For example, a guitar string stops oscillating a few seconds after being plucked. Similarly, one must continually push a swing to keep a child swinging on a playground.
Although friction and other non-conservative...
Current Growth And Decay In RL Circuits01:30

Current Growth And Decay In RL Circuits

The current growth and decay in RL circuits can be understood by considering a series RL circuit consisting of a resistor, an inductor, a constant source of emf, and two switches. When the first switch is closed, the circuit is equivalent to a single-loop circuit consisting of a resistor and an inductor connected to a source of emf. In this case, the source of emf produces a current in the circuit. If there were no self-inductance in the circuit, the current would rise immediately to a steady...
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Transmission-Line Differential Equations

Transmission lines are essential components of electrical power systems. They are characterized by the distributed nature of resistance (R), inductance (L), and capacitance (C) per unit length. To analyze these lines, differential equations are employed to model the variations in voltage and current along the line.
Line Section Model
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 22, 2026

Age-dependent Dynamics of Locomotion in Caenorhabditis elegans: A Lyapunov Exponent Analysis
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Published on: September 23, 2025

Dynamical hysteresis phenomena in complex network traffic.

Mao-Bin Hu1, Xiang Ling, Rui Jiang

  • 1School of Engineering Science, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, People's Republic of China. humaobin@ustc.edu.cn

Physical Review. E, Statistical, Nonlinear, and Soft Matter Physics
|June 13, 2009
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Dynamical hysteresis in traffic networks depends on network type and routing strategy. Hysteresis persists in scale-free networks with local search, and in all networks using shortest-path routing, indicating congestion challenges.

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Area of Science:

  • Network Science
  • Traffic Flow Dynamics
  • Complex Systems

Background:

  • Dynamical hysteresis is a critical phenomenon in traffic flow, affecting system stability and recovery.
  • Understanding hysteresis in different network topologies is essential for traffic management.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the presence and persistence of dynamical hysteresis in traffic systems.
  • To compare hysteresis behavior across scale-free, small-world, and lattice networks.
  • To analyze the impact of different routing strategies (local-searching vs. shortest-path) on hysteresis.

Main Methods:

  • Simulations of a constant-density traffic system.
  • Implementation of local-searching and shortest-path-routing strategies.
  • Analysis of hysteresis in scale-free, small-world, and lattice network structures.

Main Results:

  • Hysteresis persists in scale-free networks using local-searching, but disappears in small-world and lattice networks above a node handling threshold.
  • Shortest-path routing leads to persistent hysteresis across all investigated network types.
  • The shortest-path strategy results in increased system congestion and difficulty in returning to a free-flow state.

Conclusions:

  • Network topology and routing strategy significantly influence dynamical hysteresis in traffic systems.
  • Scale-free networks exhibit unique hysteresis behavior compared to small-world and lattice networks under local-searching.
  • Shortest-path routing strategies pose greater risks of congestion and hinder traffic flow recovery.