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Network Covalent Solids02:18

Network Covalent Solids

Network covalent solids contain a three-dimensional network of covalently bonded atoms as found in the crystal structures of nonmetals like diamond, graphite, silicon, and some covalent compounds, such as silicon dioxide (sand) and silicon carbide (carborundum, the abrasive on sandpaper). Many minerals have networks of covalent bonds.
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Toughness and hardness are critical properties of aggregate materials used in concrete, particularly on pavement surfaces and industrial flooring subjected to heavy loads. Toughness is defined as the aggregate's resistance to failure by impact and is measured by the aggregate impact value (AIV). For this, the aggregate impact value test is performed, wherein the impact is delivered by a standard hammer, which falls freely under its own weight onto the aggregates. The aggregates fragment in the...
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Negative Additive Manufacturing of Complex Shaped Boron Carbides
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Superhard monoclinic polymorph of carbon.

Quan Li1, Yanming Ma, Artem R Oganov

  • 1State Key Lab of Superhard Materials, Jilin University, Changchun 130012, China.

Physical Review Letters
|June 13, 2009
PubMed
Summary

Scientists discovered a new carbon phase, M-carbon, with a monoclinic structure. This diamond-like material is stable under high pressure and shows potential for advanced applications.

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Area of Science:

  • Materials Science
  • Solid-State Physics
  • Computational Chemistry

Background:

  • Carbon exhibits diverse allotropes with unique properties.
  • Understanding high-pressure carbon phases is crucial for materials science.
  • Previous studies on overcompressed graphite hinted at novel structures.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To identify and characterize new carbon polymorphs under high pressure.
  • To computationally search for stable carbon structures beyond known forms.
  • To compare the properties of novel phases with diamond and graphite.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized ab initio evolutionary structural search to explore carbon phase space.
  • Employed density functional theory for electronic structure calculations.
  • Simulated X-ray diffraction patterns and near K-edge spectroscopy for comparison with experimental data.

Main Results:

  • Discovered a novel monoclinic C2/m carbon phase, termed M-carbon.
  • M-carbon is stable above 13.4 GPa, forming from cold-compressed graphite.
  • Calculated hardness (83.1 GPa) and bulk modulus (431.2 GPa) are comparable to diamond.

Conclusions:

  • M-carbon represents a new, stable phase of carbon under specific high-pressure conditions.
  • The findings align with experimental observations of overcompressed graphite.
  • This discovery expands our understanding of carbon's complex phase diagram and its potential for superhard materials.