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MicroRNAs

MicroRNAs

MicroRNA (miRNA) are short, regulatory RNA transcribed from introns (non-coding regions of a gene) or intergenic regions (stretches of DNA present between genes). Several processing steps are required to form biologically active, mature miRNA. The initial transcript, called primary miRNA (pri-mRNA), base-pairs with itself, forming a stem-loop structure. Within the nucleus, an endonuclease enzyme, called Drosha, shortens the stem-loop structure into hairpin-shaped pre-miRNA. After the pre-miRNA...

MicroRNAs

MicroRNAs

MicroRNA (miRNA) are short, regulatory RNA transcribed from introns—non-coding regions of a gene—or intergenic regions—stretches of DNA present between genes. Several processing steps are required to form biologically active, mature miRNA. The initial transcript, called primary miRNA (pri-mRNA), base-pairs with itself forming a stem-loop structure. Within the nucleus, an endonuclease enzyme, called Drosha, shortens the stem-loop structure into hairpin-shaped pre-miRNA. After the pre-miRNA ends...

MicroRNAs

MicroRNAs

MicroRNA (miRNA) are short, regulatory RNA transcribed from introns—non-coding regions of a gene—or intergenic regions—stretches of DNA present between genes. Several processing steps are required to form biologically active, mature miRNA. The initial transcript, called primary miRNA (pri-mRNA), base-pairs with itself forming a stem-loop structure. Within the nucleus, an endonuclease enzyme, called Drosha, shortens the stem-loop structure into hairpin-shaped pre-miRNA. After the pre-miRNA ends...

siRNA - Small Interfering RNAs

siRNA - Small Interfering RNAs

Small interfering RNAs, or siRNAs, are short regulatory RNA molecules that can silence genes post-transcriptionally, as well as the transcriptional level in some cases. siRNAs are important for protecting cells against viral infections and silencing transposable genetic elements.
In the cytoplasm, siRNA is processed from a double-stranded RNA, which comes from either endogenous DNA transcription or exogenous sources like a virus. This double-stranded RNA is then cleaved by the ATP-dependent...

Experimental RNAi

Experimental RNAi

RNA interference (RNAi) is a cellular mechanism that inhibits gene expression by suppressing its transcription or activating the RNA degradation process. The mechanism was discovered by Andrew Fire and Craig Mello in 1998 in plants. Today, it is observed in almost all eukaryotes, including protozoa, flies, nematodes, insects, parasites, and mammals. This precise cellular mechanism of gene silencing has been developed into a technique that provides an efficient way to identify and determine the...

RNA Interference

RNA Interference

RNA interference (RNAi) is a process in which a small non-coding RNA molecule blocks the post-transcriptional expression of a gene by binding to its messenger RNA (mRNA) and preventing the protein from being translated.
This process occurs naturally in cells, often through the activity of genomically-encoded microRNAs. Researchers can take advantage of this mechanism by introducing synthetic RNAs to deactivate specific genes for research or therapeutic purposes. For example, RNAi could be used...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 22, 2026

mirMachine: A One-Stop Shop for Plant miRNA Annotation

mirMachine: A One-Stop Shop for Plant miRNA Annotation

Published on: May 1, 2021

RNA silencing: Recent developments on miRNAs.

Francisco E Nicolas¹, Sara Lopez-Gomollon, Alfonso F Lopez-Martinez

¹University of East Anglia, Norwich, UK. F.Nicolas-Molina@uea.ac.uk

Recent Patents on DNA & Gene Sequences

|June 13, 2009

Summary

This summary is machine-generated.

MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are small RNA molecules regulating gene expression. Dysregulated miRNAs are linked to diseases, offering new diagnostic and therapeutic potential.

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Area of Science:

Molecular Biology
Genetics
Biochemistry

Background:

MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are small non-coding RNA molecules that regulate gene expression post-transcriptionally.
Thousands of miRNAs are predicted in humans, playing crucial roles in development.
Aberrant miRNA expression is implicated in various human diseases.

Purpose of the Study:

To review recent patents and research on miRNA target identification.
To summarize strategies for modulating miRNA activity.
To explore miRNA applications in diseases like cancer and viral infections.

Main Methods:

Literature review of recent patents and research articles.
Analysis of methods for miRNA target identification.
Examination of techniques for miRNA modulation, detection, and quantification.

Main Results:

miRNAs offer novel mechanisms for controlling gene expression.
Identification of miRNA targets and modulation strategies are advancing.
Patents highlight therapeutic and diagnostic potential in diseases.

Conclusions:

miRNAs represent a significant area for diagnostic and therapeutic innovation.
Further research into miRNA biology and applications is warranted.
Advanced techniques for miRNA purification, detection, and quantification are crucial.