Recent patents on genes and gene sequences useful for developing breast cancer detection systems
Divya Singh1, Rekha Chaturvedi
1IPR Cell, Institute of Genomics & Integrative Biology, Delhi University North Campus, Delhi, India.
Abstract:
Breast cancer is the most prevalent disease and second leading cause of death among women in many countries. Mutations and consequent DNA damage in several genes such as oncogenes and tumour suppressor genes have been implicated with abnormal behavior of somatic cells, resulting into malignant growth termed cancer. DNA damage/changes in chromosomal DNA and failure of DNA repair mechanism are important factors for cancer causation. Aberrant behavior of cells leading to uncontrolled proliferation causing cancer is attributable to amplicon formation, large deletions in some genes, mutations, and recombination breakpoints etc. which cause aberrant gene expression. Several patented genes found to be associated with breast cancer, have been discussed, such as BRCA1, BRCA2, DAP kinase, MYH, BCSGs, BCW 2 and Id-2 etc. Several of the genes/markers associated with breast cancer can be considered as appropriate candidates for developing early detection systems/protocols for breast cancer.
Insights
Breast cancer, a leading cause of death in women, is linked to DNA damage and mutations in key genes. Identifying these genetic markers, like BRCA1 and BRCA2, is crucial for developing early detection methods.
Area of Science:
- Oncology
- Genetics
- Molecular Biology
Background:
- Breast cancer is a prevalent disease and a leading cause of mortality among women globally.
- Genetic mutations and DNA damage in oncogenes and tumor suppressor genes are implicated in breast cancer development.
- Failure of DNA repair mechanisms contributes significantly to cancer causation.
Purpose of the Study:
- To review genes associated with breast cancer.
- To highlight the role of DNA damage and repair in breast cancer etiology.
- To identify potential genetic markers for early breast cancer detection.
Main Methods:
- Literature review of genes implicated in breast cancer.
- Discussion of genetic alterations such as mutations, amplifications, and deletions.
- Analysis of patented genes linked to breast cancer.
Main Results:
- Several genes, including BRCA1, BRCA2, DAP kinase, MYH, BCSGs, BCW2, and Id-2, are associated with breast cancer.
- Genetic alterations like amplicon formation, large deletions, and mutations lead to aberrant gene expression.
- DNA damage and impaired repair pathways are critical factors in breast cancer pathogenesis.
Conclusions:
- Genetic mutations and DNA damage are fundamental to breast cancer development.
- Specific genes and markers show promise for the development of early detection systems.
- Further research into these genetic factors can improve breast cancer diagnostics and treatment strategies.
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