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Related Concept Videos

Drug Toxicity: Dose-Dependent Reactions01:24

Drug Toxicity: Dose-Dependent Reactions

Drug toxicities can be stratified into pharmacological, pathological, or genotoxic based on their mechanisms. The incidence and severity of these toxicities generally increase with the drug's concentration in the body and exposure time.Pharmacological toxicity is evident when the therapeutic effects of drugs overshoot into adverse reactions in a predictable, dose-dependent manner. Central nervous system (CNS) depression from barbiturates is a classic example, with effects escalating from...
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Drug toxicity quantifies the harm a compound causes to an organism, varying by dose and potentially impacting whole systems or specific organs like the liver. Toxic reactions may arise from venomous insect or spider bites, with effects ranging from mild symptoms to severe outcomes such as brain damage or death. Common forms of acute poisoning include ethanol intoxication and overdose of pain or fever medications, with substances like GHB and heroin being particularly lethal at doses close to...
Pharmaceutical Poisoning: Treatment Strategies01:26

Pharmaceutical Poisoning: Treatment Strategies

Treatment strategies for poisoning are a critical aspect of emergency medicine, focusing on preventing the absorption of toxins and enhancing their elimination. When a poisoning incident occurs, the first response is to halt exposure and decontaminate the patient, particularly through gastrointestinal (GI) methods if the poison was ingested.Gastrointestinal Decontamination Techniques:Activated charcoal is the cornerstone of GI decontamination. It works through adsorption, binding the toxin to...
Toxidromes: Clinical Features01:30

Toxidromes: Clinical Features

Toxidromes are specific patterns of symptoms resulting from toxic substance exposure. They help in the identification and treatment of poisoning. The symptoms of each toxidrome group indicate poisoning by a certain class of chemicals or drugs.1. Sympathomimetic: Stimulates the sympathetic nervous system. Symptoms include agitation, increased heart rate (HR), blood pressure (BP), respiratory rate (RR), temperature, and pupil size. Drugs like cocaine and amphetamines, along with tremors and...
Physical Properties of Amines01:26

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Amines with low molecular weight are usually gaseous at room temperature, while those with high molecular weight are liquid or solids in nature. Usually, low molecular weight amines have a rotten fish-like smell. Diamines typically have a pungent smell. For instance, cadaverine and putrescine, depicted in Figure 1, are two molecules responsible for decaying tissue.
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Prevention of Further Absorption of Poison

In cases of acute poisoning, the primary objective is to prevent further absorption of the toxic substance into the body. Immediate interventions using various decontamination techniques targeting the gastrointestinal (GI) tract can achieve this. Decontamination is crucial to prevent poison from entering the systemic circulation, which involves washing affected areas with water and mild soap and removing contaminated clothing. Once external decontamination is done, attention must be turned to...

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Color Spot Test As a Presumptive Tool for the Rapid Detection of Synthetic Cathinones
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Fatal intoxication with naftidrofuryl.

Michael F Koller1, Martin Schmid, Peter X Iten

  • 1Institute of Legal Medicine, University of Zurich, Winterthurerstrasse 190, CH-8057 Zurich, Switzerland. miko1@gmx.ch

Legal Medicine (Tokyo, Japan)
|June 13, 2009
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

This case report details a fatal naftidrofuryl poisoning, the first documented instance. A high blood concentration of this vasodilator was identified as the cause of death in a man with existing health issues.

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Area of Science:

  • Clinical Toxicology
  • Pharmacology
  • Forensic Pathology

Background:

  • A 52-year-old male with a history of alcoholism, epilepsy, and dizziness presented with psychosocial stressors.
  • The patient was undergoing treatment with disulfiram for alcohol abstinence, valproic acid for seizures, and naftidrofuryl for dizziness.

Observation:

  • The deceased was found in bed with no apparent morphologic cause of death upon autopsy.
  • Blood analysis revealed therapeutic levels of disulfiram and valproic acid, with no detectable ethanol.
  • A significantly elevated blood concentration of naftidrofuryl (7500 microg/L) was detected.

Findings:

  • The high concentration of naftidrofuryl was determined to be the cause of death.
  • The manner of death was deemed most likely suicide.
  • This represents the first reported case of fatal naftidrofuryl poisoning in the literature.

Implications:

  • Highlights the potential toxicity of naftidrofuryl at high concentrations.
  • Underscores the importance of therapeutic drug monitoring, especially in patients with complex medical histories.
  • Contributes to the understanding of drug-induced fatalities in forensic toxicology.