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Updated: Jun 22, 2026

Plant Promoter Analysis: Identification and Characterization of Root Nodule Specific Promoter in the Common Bean
Published on: December 23, 2017
Signals and Responses: Choreographing the Complex Interaction between Legumes and alpha- and beta-Rhizobia
1Department of Molecular, Cellular and Developmental Biology; University of California-Los Angeles; Los Angeles, California USA.
Abstract:
The nitrogen-fixing symbiosis between bacteria in the family Rhizobiaceae and members of the legume family (Fabaceae) has been well studied, particularly from the perspective of the early signaling and recognition events. Recent studies of non-nodulating legume mutants have resulted in the identification of a number of genes that are responsive to signal molecules from the bacteria. However, a second group of nodule-forming bacteria, completely unrelated to the Rhizobiaceae, which are alpha-Proteobacteria, has been discovered. These bacteria belong to the beta-Proteobacteria and have been designated beta-rhizobia to distinguish them from the better-known alpha-rhizobia. Here, we review what is known in this economically important symbiosis about the interaction between legumes and alpha-rhizobia, and we incorporate information, where known, about the beta-rhizobia.
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