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Bone Cells and Tissue

Bone Cells and Tissue

Bones contain a relatively small number of cells entrenched in a matrix of organic and inorganic components. Although bone cells compose only a small amount of the bone volume, they are crucial to its function. Four types of cells are found within the bone tissue— osteoblasts, osteocytes, osteogenic cells, and osteoclasts.
Osteoblasts and Osteocytes
The osteoblast is the bone cell responsible for forming new bone tissue. It is found in the growing portions of bone, including the periosteum and...

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Circulating osteogenic precursor cells in heterotopic bone formation.

Robin K Suda¹, Paul C Billings, Kevin P Egan

¹Department of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104-6160, USA.

Stem Cells (Dayton, Ohio)

|June 13, 2009

Summary

This summary is machine-generated.

Circulating osteogenic precursor (COP) cells, derived from bone marrow, contribute to heterotopic ossification (HO) in fibrodysplasia ossificans progressiva (FOP). Elevated COP cell levels in blood indicate active HO episodes.

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Area of Science:

Cell Biology
Bone Biology
Connective Tissue Diseases

Background:

Osteogenic potential is not exclusive to mesenchymal stem cells.
Circulating cells with osteogenic capacity are increasingly recognized.
Fibrodysplasia ossificans progressiva (FOP) is characterized by heterotopic ossification (HO).

Purpose of the Study:

To investigate the role of circulating osteogenic precursor (COP) cells in FOP and HO.
To determine if COP cells can nucleate HO in vivo.
To correlate COP cell numbers with HO activity in FOP patients.

Main Methods:

Identification and characterization of COP cells (Type I collagen+/CD45+).
In vivo murine implantation assay to assess HO nucleation by COP cells.
Clonogenic assays of blood samples from FOP patients and controls.

Main Results:

COP cells were identified in early fibroproliferative lesions of FOP patients.
COP cells from FOP patients nucleated HO in a murine model.
Significantly higher numbers of COP cell colonies were found in patients with active HO compared to stable disease or controls.
COP cells from unaffected individuals could contribute to HO in susceptible hosts.

Conclusions:

Circulating osteogenic precursor cells of hematopoietic origin can contribute to bone formation at inflammatory sites.
COP cells are implicated in the pathogenesis of heterotopic ossification in FOP.
This finding expands the understanding of cell lineages involved in bone formation beyond mesenchymal precursors.