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Related Concept Videos

Basal Lamina are the Specialized Form of ECM01:03

Basal Lamina are the Specialized Form of ECM

The basal lamina is a thin extracellular layer that lies underneath the cells and separates them from other tissues. The three layers of the basal lamina are lamina lucida, lamina densa and lamina reticularis. The basal lamina, a mixture of glycoproteins and collagen, provides an attachment site for the epithelium, separating it from underlying connective tissue. The framework of basal lamina has other essential proteins such as laminins mesh, perlecan, entactin, and type IV collagen.
Proteins...
Laminins are the Adhesive Proteins of Basal Lamina00:55

Laminins are the Adhesive Proteins of Basal Lamina

Laminins are heterotrimeric proteins with high molecular mass found in the extracellular matrix. Each laminin molecule is composed of three chains, viz. alpha, beta, and gamma, coded by five, four, and three paralogous genes, respectively. Laminins are categories based on the compositions of the three chains.
In humans, the five forms of alpha chains are LAMA 1, LAMA 2, LAMA 3, LAMA 4, and LAMA 5. The four forms of beta chains are LAMB 1, LAMB 2, LAMB 3, and LAMB 4. The three forms of gamma...
Type IV Collagen of Basal Lamina01:05

Type IV Collagen of Basal Lamina

Type IV collagen is a 400 nm long, network-forming collagen that acts as a barrier between the epithelial and endothelial cells. Type IV collagen  forms the backbone of the basement membrane by scaffolding with laminin, entactin, proteoglycans, and fibronectin. Apart from rendering structural support to the basement membrane, it also helps entail signaling potentials necessary for both pathological and physiological functions.
A type IV collagen molecule has six alpha chains which can exist in...
Asymmetric Lipid Bilayer01:35

Asymmetric Lipid Bilayer

Biological membranes show uneven distribution of different types of lipids in the inner and outer layers, resulting in transverse asymmetric membranes. The treatment of the erythrocyte membrane with the enzyme phospholipase confirmed the asymmetric nature of the lipid bilayer. The enzyme hydrolyzes lipids into fatty acids and hydrophilic groups. The phospholipase acts only on the outer layer of the membrane, while the inner layer remains intact. The phospholipase treatment resulted in 80%...
Papillary Dermis01:11

Papillary Dermis

Dermis
The dermis might be considered the "core" of the integumentary system, as distinct from the epidermis and hypodermis. It contains blood and lymph vessels, nerves, and other structures, such as hair follicles and sweat glands. The dermis is made of two layers of connective tissue that comprise an interconnected mesh of elastin and collagenous fibers, produced by fibroblasts.
Papillary Layer
The papillary layer is made of loose, areolar connective tissue, which means the collagen and...
Cells of the Epidermis01:24

Cells of the Epidermis

The epidermis is made of four or five layers of epithelial cells, depending on its location in the body. From deep to superficial, these layers are the stratum basale, stratum spinosum, stratum granulosum, stratum lucidum, and stratum corneum.
The cells in all these layers except the stratum basale are called keratinocytes, a type of cell that manufactures and stores the protein keratin. The keratinocytes in the stratum corneum are dead and regularly slough away, being replaced by cells from...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 22, 2026

Skin Biopsy for Diagnosing Discoid Lupus Erythematosus
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Basement membrane changes in lichen planopilaris.

K Al-Refu1, M Goodfield

  • 1Faculty of Medicine/Internal Medicine Department, Mutah University, Karak, Jordan. alrefukhi@yahoo.com

Journal of the European Academy of Dermatology and Venereology : JEADV
|June 16, 2009
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

In lichen planopilaris (LPP), the basement membrane zone (BMZ) shows significant alterations, including disrupted collagen and laminin expression. These changes at the follicular level likely contribute to irreversible hair loss and scarring in LPP patients.

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Area of Science:

  • Dermatology
  • Pathology
  • Immunohistochemistry

Background:

  • Lichen planopilaris (LPP) is an inflammatory scalp condition causing cicatricial alopecia.
  • Inflammation in LPP disrupts the external root sheath's basal cell layer.

Purpose of the Study:

  • Investigate basement membrane zone (BMZ) alterations in LPP using immunohistochemistry.

Main Methods:

  • Analyzed skin biopsies from LPP patients and controls.
  • Utilized immunohistochemistry with antibodies targeting specific BMZ components (cytokeratins, BP230, BP180, plectin, laminin 5, collagen IV, collagen VII).

Main Results:

  • Demonstrated distinct differences in BMZ component localization and staining in inflamed LPP follicles compared to controls.
  • Observed weak and discontinuous hemidesmosome-associated complexes in affected hair follicles.
  • Found disrupted, non-linear expression of laminin-5, collagen IV, and collagen VII along the BMZ in LPP.

Conclusions:

  • BMZ alterations in LPP may explain abnormal follicular healing.
  • These changes likely lead to irreversible hair loss and scarring characteristic of LPP.