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Ligand Binding Sites

Ligand Binding Sites

Proteins are dynamic macromolecules that carry out a wide variety of essential processes; however, the activities of most proteins depend on their interactions with other molecules or ions, known as ligands.
Protein-ligand interactions are quite specific; even though numerous potential ligands surround a cellular protein at any given time, only a particular ligand can bind to that protein. Moreover, a ligand binds only to a dedicated area on the surface of the protein, known as the...

Ligand Binding Sites

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Protein-ligand interactions are quite specific; even though numerous potential ligands surround a cellular protein at any given time, only a particular ligand can bind to that protein. Moreover, a ligand binds only to a dedicated area on the surface of the protein, known as the...

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Many proteins’ biological role depends on their interactions with their ligands, small molecules that bind to specific locations on the protein known as ligand-binding sites. Ligand-binding sites are often conserved among homologous proteins as these sites are critical for protein function.
Binding sites are often located in large pockets, and if their location on a protein’s surface is unknown, it can be predicted using various approaches. The energetic method computationally analyses the...

Conserved Binding Sites

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 22, 2026

A Novel Tenorrhaphy Suture Technique with Tissue Engineered Collagen Graft to Repair Large Tendon Defects

A Novel Tenorrhaphy Suture Technique with Tissue Engineered Collagen Graft to Repair Large Tendon Defects

Published on: December 10, 2021

Entheses: tendon and ligament attachment sites.

M Benjamin¹, D McGonagle

¹School of Biosciences, Cardiff University, Cardiff, UK.

Scandinavian Journal of Medicine & Science in Sports

|June 16, 2009

Summary

This summary is machine-generated.

This review examines tendon and ligament attachment sites (entheses), focusing on their development, growth adaptation, and role in preventing direct cell communication. It also discusses how these structures, including synovio-entheseal complexes, may cause pain in athletes.

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A Novel Tenorrhaphy Suture Technique with Tissue Engineered Collagen Graft to Repair Large Tendon Defects

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Published on: December 10, 2021

Generation of Induced Pluripotent Stem Cell-Derived iTenocytes via Combined Scleraxis Overexpression and 2D Uniaxial Tension

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Published on: March 1, 2024

Area of Science:

Anatomy and Physiology
Biomechanics
Sports Medicine

Background:

Entheses are critical tendon and ligament attachment sites to bone.
Understanding enthesis form-function relationships is key to musculoskeletal health.
Growth adaptation and cellular interactions at entheses remain areas of interest.

Purpose of the Study:

To review form-function relationships at entheses.
To highlight the developmental adaptation of entheses during bone growth.
To discuss the role of entheses and related structures in pain and inflammation.

Main Methods:

Literature review of enthesis development and structure.
Analysis of form-function relationships at the bone-tendon/ligament interface.
Discussion of the synovio-entheseal complex (SEC) and enthesophytes.

Main Results:

Entheses maintain position during bone growth through adaptation.
Enthesis fibrocartilage acts as a barrier to cell communication and vascular supply.
The thoracolumbar fascia may increase stress concentration at entheses.

Conclusions:

Entheses exhibit complex developmental and functional adaptations.
The synovio-entheseal complex (SEC) is a functional unit potentially involved in athletic injuries.
Further research into enthesis mechanics could elucidate pain mechanisms in athletes.