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Related Concept Videos

Treatment for Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension: Phosphodiesterase Inhibitors01:28

Treatment for Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension: Phosphodiesterase Inhibitors

Phosphodiesterase 5 (PDE5) inhibitors are potent enzymes that function to hydrolyze cyclic nucleotides to their corresponding 5' monophosphates. Their unique biochemical properties have been applied in treating Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension (PAH).
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Male Sexual Response: Erection & Ejaculation01:17

Male Sexual Response: Erection & Ejaculation

Sexual stimulation can take various forms, such as physical touch and visual or auditory cues. When this happens, the parasympathetic reflex in the sacral portion of the spinal cord is activated. This reflex stimulates the release of nitric oxide (NO), which then dilates the arterioles in the penis, increasing blood flow to the erectile tissues - the corpora cavernosa and corpus spongiosum.
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Coronary Artery Disease II: Pathophysiology01:26

Coronary Artery Disease II: Pathophysiology

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Effect of Hepatic Disease on Pharmacokinetics: Dose Adjustments Due to Hepatic Impairment01:08

Effect of Hepatic Disease on Pharmacokinetics: Dose Adjustments Due to Hepatic Impairment

Hepatic impairment, characterized by decreased liver function, does not uniformly mandate adjustments in drug dosage. Whether dosage modifications are necessary depends on various factors related to the drug's metabolism and elimination pathways. If a drug is primarily excreted via the kidneys and bypasses significant hepatic processing, if it undergoes minimal metabolic transformation in the liver, or if it is volatile and primarily expelled through the lungs, dose adjustments may not be...
Treatment for Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension: Endothelin Receptor Antagonists01:18

Treatment for Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension: Endothelin Receptor Antagonists

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Nitric Oxide Signaling Pathway01:28

Nitric Oxide Signaling Pathway

Nitric oxide (NO), an inorganic gas, acts as a potent second messenger in most animal and plant tissues. NO diffuses out of the cells that produce it and enters the neighboring cells to generate a downstream response. NO synthase (NOS) catalyzes NO production by the deamination of the amino acid arginine. There are three isoforms of NOS. Endothelial cells have endothelial NOS (eNOS), nerve and muscle cells have neuronal NOS (nNOS), and macrophages produce inducible NOS (iNOS) upon exposure to...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 22, 2026

Ultrasound Assessment of Endothelial Function: A Technical Guideline of the Flow-mediated Dilation Test
06:35

Ultrasound Assessment of Endothelial Function: A Technical Guideline of the Flow-mediated Dilation Test

Published on: April 27, 2016

The endothelial-erectile dysfunction connection: an essential update.

Carla Costa1, Ronald Virag

  • 1Faculty of Medicine of the University of Porto, Department of Biochemistry (U38-FCT), Porto, Portugal. carcosta@med.up.pt

The Journal of Sexual Medicine
|June 16, 2009
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Erectile dysfunction (ED) is linked to endothelial dysfunction caused by vascular risk factors. Assessing endothelial health, particularly with the Penile Nitric Oxide Release Test (PNORT), is crucial for diagnosing broader vascular disease.

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Jun 22, 2026

Ultrasound Assessment of Endothelial Function: A Technical Guideline of the Flow-mediated Dilation Test
06:35

Ultrasound Assessment of Endothelial Function: A Technical Guideline of the Flow-mediated Dilation Test

Published on: April 27, 2016

Area of Science:

  • Cardiovascular Science
  • Urology
  • Vascular Biology

Background:

  • The endothelium is vital for erection physiology, and its dysfunction is closely linked to erectile dysfunction (ED).
  • Vascular risk factors (VRFs) induce endothelial dysfunction, a common pathway for cardiovascular disease and ED.
  • ED often signals a generalized vascular disorder, making endothelial health assessment critical.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review current knowledge on mechanisms of cavernosal endothelial dysfunction induced by VRFs.
  • To discuss local and systemic methods for assessing endothelial function in ED patients.
  • To focus on the Penile Nitric Oxide Release Test (PNORT) for endothelial function assessment.

Main Methods:

  • A comprehensive review of basic and clinical research on endothelial function and ED.
  • Systematic literature review on the relationship between VRFs, endothelial dysfunction, and ED.
  • Detailed analysis of various endothelial function assessment techniques, including PNORT.

Main Results:

  • Endothelial dysfunction in ED is primarily driven by oxidative stress and impaired nitric oxide activity.
  • ED serves as a clinical manifestation of underlying endothelial dysfunction.
  • Several methods for evaluating endothelial dysfunction were assessed, with PNORT highlighted for its utility.

Conclusions:

  • The link between endothelial dysfunction and ED is well-established, with ED indicating potential systemic vascular disease.
  • Further research is needed to develop effective treatments for endothelial dysfunction.
  • Assessing endothelial health in ED patients is crucial for early diagnosis and management of vascular disease.