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What are Membranes?

What are Membranes?

A cell's plasma membrane demarcates the cell's borders and determines the nature of its interaction with the environment. Cells exclude certain substances, take in others, and excrete some others in controlled quantities. The plasma membrane must be flexible to allow certain cells, such as red and white blood cells, to change their shape while passing through narrow capillaries. These are the more obvious plasma membrane functions. In addition, the plasma membrane's surface carries...

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A single mitochondrion is a bean-shaped organelle enclosed by a double-membrane system. The outer membrane of mitochondria is smooth and contains many porins - the integral membrane transporters. Porins enable free diffusion of ions and small uncharged molecules through the outer mitochondrial membrane but limit the transport of molecules larger than 5000 Daltons. Further, the outer mitochondrial membrane forms a unique structure called membrane contact sites with other subcellular organelles,...

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The inner mitochondrial membrane is the primary site of ATP synthesis. The inner membrane domain that forms a smooth layer adjacent to the outer membrane is called the inner boundary membrane. This domain contains membrane transporters that drive metabolites in and out of the mitochondria. In contrast, the inner membrane network that invaginates into the matrix space is called the cristae membrane. This domain accounts for principle mitochondrial function as it accommodates the protein...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 2, 2026

Live Imaging Assay for Assessing the Roles of Ca2+ and Sphingomyelinase in the Repair of Pore-forming Toxin Wounds

Live Imaging Assay for Assessing the Roles of Ca2+ and Sphingomyelinase in the Repair of Pore-forming Toxin Wounds

Published on: August 25, 2013

Retinoblastoma, an inside job.

¹Toronto Western Research Institute, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, Canada. rbremner@uhnres.utoronto.ca

|June 16, 2009

Summary

Retinoblastoma cells exploit cone photoreceptor features for survival and growth. This study investigates why certain cell types are more susceptible to cancerous transformation.

Area of Science:

Oncology
Cell Biology
Ophthalmology

Background:

Cell transformation is a complex process influenced by intrinsic cellular properties.
Understanding cell-type specific vulnerabilities is crucial for cancer research.

Purpose of the Study:

To investigate the intrinsic features that make certain cell types prone to transformation.
To elucidate the mechanisms by which retinoblastoma cells achieve survival and growth.

Main Methods:

Comparative analysis of retinoblastoma cells and cone photoreceptors.
Investigation of cellular signaling pathways and genetic factors.

Main Results:

Retinoblastoma cells co-opt several intrinsic features characteristic of cone photoreceptors.

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Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: May 2, 2026

Live Imaging Assay for Assessing the Roles of Ca2+ and Sphingomyelinase in the Repair of Pore-forming Toxin Wounds

Live Imaging Assay for Assessing the Roles of Ca2+ and Sphingomyelinase in the Repair of Pore-forming Toxin Wounds

Published on: August 25, 2013

Imaging Cell Membrane Injury and Subcellular Processes Involved in Repair

Imaging Cell Membrane Injury and Subcellular Processes Involved in Repair

Published on: March 25, 2014

Cell Membrane Repair Assay Using a Two-photon Laser Microscope

Cell Membrane Repair Assay Using a Two-photon Laser Microscope

Published on: January 2, 2018

These shared features facilitate tumor cell survival and proliferation.

Conclusions:

Intrinsic cellular properties play a significant role in cancer susceptibility.
Cone photoreceptor features are co-opted by retinoblastoma for malignant progression.