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Related Concept Videos

Torsion of Noncircular Members01:16

Torsion of Noncircular Members

Circular shafts undergoing torsional stress maintain their cross-sectional integrity due to their axisymmetric nature. This symmetry ensures an even distribution of stress, allowing the shaft to withstand torsion without distorting. In contrast, square bars, lacking this axial symmetry, experience significant distortion across their cross-sections when subjected to torsion, with the exception of along their diagonals and at lines connecting midpoints. A detailed examination of a cubic element...
Torsion in Vector Calculus01:20

Torsion in Vector Calculus

A toy train ascending a winding track that curves and tilts offers an intuitive view of torsion, a key geometric concept in the study of space curves. While curvature measures how sharply a path bends, torsion captures how the path twists out of the plane of bending. This twisting behavior is crucial in understanding three-dimensional motion and is precisely described using the Frenet–Serret framework.At each point along a space curve, the Frenet–Serret frame consists of three orthogonal unit...
Thin-Walled Hollow Shafts01:15

Thin-Walled Hollow Shafts

In analyzing a thin-walled hollow shaft subjected to torsional loading, a segment with width dx is isolated for examination. Despite its equilibrium state, this segment faces torsional shearing forces at its ends. These forces are quantitatively described by the product of the longitudinal shearing stress on the segment's minor surface and the area of this surface, leading to the concept of shear flow. This shear flow is consistent throughout the structure, indicating a uniform distribution of...
Deformation in a Circular Shaft01:10

Deformation in a Circular Shaft

One of the distinctive characteristics of circular shafts is their ability to maintain their cross-sectional integrity under torsion. In other words, each cross-section continues to exist as a flat, unaltered entity, simply rotating like a solid, rigid slab. To understand the distribution of shearing stress within such a shaft, consider a cylindrical section inside this circular shaft. This section has a length of L and a radius of R, with one end fixed. The radius of the cylindrical section is...
Bending and Torsional Moments01:20

Bending and Torsional Moments

Bending and torsional moments are two fundamental concepts in structural engineering. They play an important role in understanding the behavior of materials and structures under different loading conditions.
The reaction developed in a structural element when subjected to an external force causes the element to bend. When a structural element bends upwards, it creates compressive normal forces on the top and tensile normal forces on the bottom, resulting in a couple that determines the bending...
Stress Concentrations in Circular Shafts01:18

Stress Concentrations in Circular Shafts

Consider the elastic torsion formula, which applies to a circular shaft with a consistent cross-section. This formula assumes that the shaft's ends are loaded with rigid plates firmly attached. However, in many cases, torques are applied to the shaft through mechanisms like flange couplings or gears, which are connected by keys inserted into keyways. This application method modifies the stress distribution near the point of torque application, causing it to deviate from the distributions...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 22, 2026

Method to Measure Tone of Axial and Proximal Muscle
10:41

Method to Measure Tone of Axial and Proximal Muscle

Published on: December 14, 2011

Cannot exclude torsion--a 15-year review.

Sarah C Oltmann1, Anne Fischer, Robert Barber

  • 1Department of Surgery, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA.

Journal of Pediatric Surgery
|June 16, 2009
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Ovarian torsion affects nearly 30% of operative ovarian cases in children, often diagnosed late. Early diagnostic laparoscopy, especially with large pelvic masses, improves ovarian salvage rates.

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Magnetic Tweezers for the Measurement of Twist and Torque
11:41

Magnetic Tweezers for the Measurement of Twist and Torque

Published on: May 19, 2014

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Last Updated: Jun 22, 2026

Method to Measure Tone of Axial and Proximal Muscle
10:41

Method to Measure Tone of Axial and Proximal Muscle

Published on: December 14, 2011

Magnetic Tweezers for the Measurement of Twist and Torque
11:41

Magnetic Tweezers for the Measurement of Twist and Torque

Published on: May 19, 2014

Area of Science:

  • Pediatric Surgery
  • Gynecologic Surgery
  • Emergency Medicine

Background:

  • Ovarian torsion is a difficult diagnosis leading to delayed treatment and ovarian loss.
  • It represents a significant portion of emergent gynecologic conditions in pediatric patients.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To evaluate the incidence and characteristics of ovarian torsion in pediatric patients.
  • To assess the diagnostic accuracy of imaging modalities and identify factors associated with timely intervention and ovarian salvage.

Main Methods:

  • Retrospective chart review of 328 pediatric ovarian operative cases over 15 years.
  • Torsion diagnosis confirmed by intraoperative findings.
  • Analysis of patient demographics, presenting symptoms, imaging results, and surgical interventions.

Main Results:

  • Ovarian torsion occurred in 29.6% of cases, with a mean age of 9.2 years.
  • Pelvic masses ≥5 cm on imaging had 83% sensitivity for torsion; ultrasound sensitivity was 51%.
  • Laparoscopy use increased over time, showing a trend towards improved ovarian salvage, with predominantly benign pathology.

Conclusions:

  • Ovarian torsion accounts for one-third of operative ovarian cases in children.
  • Sonography is unreliable for diagnosing or excluding ovarian torsion.
  • Liberal use of diagnostic laparoscopy, particularly with pelvic masses around 5 cm, may enhance ovarian salvage due to the typically benign nature of ovarian pathology.