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A Bioluminescent and Fluorescent Orthotopic Syngeneic Murine Model of Androgen-dependent and Castration-resistant Prostate Cancer
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Chemoprevention of prostate cancer

Ian M Thompson1, Catherine M Tangen, Phyllis J Goodman

  • 1Department of Urology, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, Texas 78229, USA. thompsoni@uthscsa.edu

The Journal of Urology
|June 16, 2009
PubMed
Abstract

Insights

Finasteride significantly reduces prostate cancer risk by 24.8%, according to large trials. Selenium and vitamin E showed no benefit for prostate cancer prevention.

Area of Science:

  • Oncology
  • Preventive Medicine
  • Clinical Trials

Background:

  • Prostate cancer poses a significant public health burden.
  • Interest in disease prevention strategies is high.
  • Large-scale randomized clinical trials are crucial for evidence-based recommendations.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review recent findings from major clinical trials on prostate cancer prevention.
  • To evaluate the efficacy of specific agents in reducing prostate cancer risk.

Main Methods:

  • Review of large-scale randomized clinical trials: SELECT (selenium/vitamin E), PCPT (finasteride), and REDUCE (dutasteride).
  • Analysis of agents, mechanisms of action, and trial design challenges.
  • Examination of reported outcomes, including cancer incidence and grade.

Main Results:

  • Selenium and vitamin E (SELECT trial) did not impact prostate cancer risk.
  • Finasteride (PCPT trial) demonstrated a 24.8% relative risk reduction in prostate cancer.
  • Concerns regarding increased high-grade disease with finasteride appear related to improved detection; modeling suggests unchanged or reduced risk.
  • Observed side effects like sexual dysfunction and gynecomastia were infrequent.

Conclusions:

  • Prostate cancer prevention strategies must rely on robust randomized trial data.
  • Finasteride shows potential for risk reduction in men undergoing screening.
  • Informed discussion regarding finasteride's benefits and risks is essential for patient care.

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