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Related Experiment Video

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Measuring Sensitivity to Viewpoint Change with and without Stereoscopic Cues
08:04

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Published on: December 4, 2013

Stereoscopic depth and the occlusion illusion.

Stephen E Palmer1, Karen B Schloss

  • 1Department of Psychology, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720-1650, USA. palmer@cogsci.berkeley.edu

Attention, Perception & Psychophysics
|June 16, 2009
PubMed
Summary

The occlusion illusion makes visible parts of objects seem larger. This study found stereoscopic displays increase perceived size but not distance, disproving apparent-distance theories.

Area of Science:

  • Visual Perception
  • Psychophysics
  • Cognitive Neuroscience

Background:

  • The occlusion illusion describes how the visible part of an occluded object appears larger than an identical non-occluded region.
  • The apparent-distance hypothesis suggests perceived distance influences perceived size.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To directly test the apparent-distance hypothesis of the occlusion illusion using stereoscopic displays.
  • To investigate the role of binocular disparity in modulating perceived size and depth in occlusion scenarios.

Main Methods:

  • Experiments 1A and 1B utilized stereoscopic displays to vary binocular disparity of targets and occluders, measuring perceived size and depth.
  • Experiments 2A and 2B employed illusory occluding rectangles without explicit T-junctions.

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  • Experiment 3 examined adaptation effects on size illusions.

    • Main Results:

    • Stereoscopic occlusion significantly increased perceived target size, but not perceived target distance.
    • A reduced occlusion illusion persisted even when the target was stereoscopically in front of the occluder.
    • Illusory occluders and adaptation effects were also investigated, yielding similar findings regarding size perception.

    Conclusions:

    • The findings eliminate apparent-distance explanations for the occlusion illusion.
    • Results support alternative hypotheses, including partial modal completion and selective dimensional expansion, for explaining the occlusion illusion.