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Related Concept Videos

The Spindle Assembly Checkpoint02:19

The Spindle Assembly Checkpoint

The spindle assembly checkpoint is a molecular surveillance mechanism ensuring the fidelity of chromosome segregation during anaphase. The checkpoint monitors the completion of all the prerequisite steps before chromosome segregation to determine whether the segregation process should proceed or be delayed.
Many proteins function together to control the spindle assembly checkpoint. Mutations affecting these proteins may allow cells to proceed into anaphase prematurely, resulting in the...
The Spindle Assembly Checkpoint02:19

The Spindle Assembly Checkpoint

The spindle assembly checkpoint is a molecular surveillance mechanism ensuring the fidelity of chromosome segregation during anaphase. The checkpoint monitors the completion of all the prerequisite steps before chromosome segregation to determine whether the segregation process should proceed or be delayed.
Many proteins function together to control the spindle assembly checkpoint. Mutations affecting these proteins may allow cells to proceed into anaphase prematurely, resulting in the...
Cells Coordinate Growth and Proliferation02:36

Cells Coordinate Growth and Proliferation

Cell size is a significant factor impacting cellular design, function, and fitness. There exists some internal coordination by which cells double their masses before division, thus, achieving homeostasis. Coordination between cell growth and proliferation depends on the checkpoints in between cell cycle phases. Loss of coordination or failure in the checkpoint mechanism can drive the cell to uncontrolled growth and loss of cellular function. Like dividing cells that coordinate cellular growth,...
Separation of Sister Chromatids02:17

Separation of Sister Chromatids

At the transition from prophase to metaphase, there is a reduction in cohesion along the chromosomal arms, resulting in the resolution of sister chromatids. However, residual cohesin connections remain to hold the sister chromatids together until the transition from metaphase to anaphase. The residual connection prevents any premature separation of sister chromatids, blocking the risks of aneuploidy within the daughter cells.
At the onset of anaphase, separase, a proteolytic enzyme, is...
Spindle Assembly02:50

Spindle Assembly

Spindle assembly occurs through three, often coexisting, pathways – the centrosome-mediated pathway, the chromatin-mediated pathway, and the microtubule-mediated pathway – collectively contributing to form a robust spindle apparatus.
In most cells, centrosomes are the primary microtubule nucleation centers. In the centrosome-mediated pathway, the G2-prophase transition triggers centrosome maturation and increased microtubule nucleation. Progressive nucleation results in a microtubule array...
The Cell Cycle Control System01:28

The Cell Cycle Control System

The cell cycle regulation directs how a cell proceeds from one phase to the next and begins mitosis. The cell cycle control system includes intracellular regulatory molecules and external triggers. They provide "stop" or "advance" signals and operate at specific cell cycle stages termed checkpoints to ensure that a particular process is completed before the cell advances to the next phase.
Cyclins and cyclin-dependent kinases (Cdks) are the primary cell cycle regulators and function at the cell...

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Evaluation of the Spindle Assembly Checkpoint Integrity in Mouse Oocytes
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The function of a spindle checkpoint gene bub-1 in C. elegans development.

Xiangming Wang1, Min Liu, Weida Li

  • 1School of Life Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, China.

Plos One
|June 16, 2009
PubMed
Summary

The Budding Uninhibited by Benzimidazole 1 (BUB1) gene is crucial for cell-cycle regulation in C. elegans, functioning both maternally and zygotically. Its disruption leads to developmental defects, indicating conserved roles across species.

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Area of Science:

  • Cell Biology
  • Genetics
  • Developmental Biology

Background:

  • The serine/threonine kinase BUB1 (Budding Uninhibited by Benzimidazole 1) is a known cell cycle checkpoint protein in yeast.
  • Its precise roles in multicellular organisms, particularly in regulating cell division and development, are less understood.
  • Studies in yeast indicate BUB1's involvement in the mitotic spindle checkpoint and sister chromatid separation.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the function of the BUB1 homolog in the multicellular organism *C. elegans*.
  • To identify and characterize mutants affecting *bub-1* and their impact on postembryonic development.
  • To explore the genetic interactions and regulatory mechanisms of *bub-1* in *C. elegans*.

Main Methods:

  • Conducted a genetic screen for zygotic mutants exhibiting the Sterile and Uncoordinated (Stu) phenotype in *C. elegans*.
  • Isolated and characterized two mutations (fw5 and fw8) affecting the *bub-1* gene.
  • Performed double mutant analysis to investigate genetic interactions with downstream cell cycle regulators.

Main Results:

  • Mutations in *bub-1* (fw5, fw8) caused developmental arrest, uncoordination, sterility, decreased ventral cord neurons, and abnormal axon morphology.
  • The *bub-1* gene functions maternally during embryonic development and zygotically in postembryonic development.
  • Genetic interactions were observed between *bub-1* and genes involved in the anaphase promoting complex/cyclosome (APC/C) pathway, including *fzy-1/CDC20*, *mat-2/APC1*, and *emb-27/APC6*.

Conclusions:

  • *C. elegans* *bub-1* plays a critical role in cell-cycle regulation, essential for both maternal and zygotic processes.
  • The findings suggest a conserved function of BUB1 across yeast, nematodes, and mammals.
  • BUB1's role in *C. elegans* development provides insights into its broader biological significance in multicellular organisms.