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Related Concept Videos

Drug Therapy01:28

Drug Therapy

The advent of drug therapy has profoundly shaped modern mental health care, providing targeted treatments for a range of psychological disorders. Psychotherapeutic drugs, classified into antianxiety, antidepressant, and antipsychotic medications, address symptoms across anxiety disorders, mood disorders, and schizophrenia. While these medications have transformed patient outcomes, they require careful management due to their potential side effects and limitations.
Antianxiety Medications
Targets for Drug Action: Overview01:26

Targets for Drug Action: Overview

Drugs target macromolecules to modify ongoing cellular processes. Primary drug targets include receptors, ion channels, transporters, and enzymes.
Receptors are either membrane-spanning or intracellular proteins, which upon binding a ligand, get activated and transmit the signal downstream to elicit a response. Drugs bind receptors, either mimicking the action of endogenous ligands or blocking the receptor activity to bring about a modified response. Nearly 35% of approved drugs target the G...
Psychotherapy01:28

Psychotherapy

Psychotherapy is a versatile, nonmedical approach aimed at helping individuals address emotional, behavioral, and interpersonal issues to enhance their overall well-being. It can involve one-on-one sessions, couples counseling, or small group discussions with a therapist. The therapeutic process includes various techniques such as open discussion, interpretation of thoughts and behaviors, active listening, positive reinforcement, and role modeling. Psychotherapy aims to support individuals in...
Modeling in Therapy01:26

Modeling in Therapy

Modeling, a key technique in therapy, uses observational learning to help clients acquire and practice new skills by watching therapists demonstrate desired behaviors. This approach, rooted in Albert Bandura's concept of vicarious learning, plays a significant role in therapeutic interventions for various psychological conditions, including social anxiety, ADHD, and depression.
Participant Modeling
Participant modeling involves therapists demonstrating calm and effective behaviors in situations...
Operant Conditioning Intervention01:24

Operant Conditioning Intervention

Operant conditioning serves as a foundational principle in therapeutic interventions aimed at modifying maladaptive behaviors. Central to this approach is the notion that behaviors, both adaptive and maladaptive, are learned through reinforcement. By analyzing the environmental factors that reinforce problematic behaviors, clinicians can design interventions to weaken these reinforcements and replace maladaptive behaviors with healthier alternatives.
In operant conditioning, behaviors that are...
Principles of Drug Action01:24

Principles of Drug Action

Drugs are chemical substances that modify biological responses by interacting with macromolecular targets such as receptors, ion channels, transporters, and enzymes. Pharmacodynamics describes the course of action of drugs leading to the physiological effect at a specific site in the body.
Drugs can be agonists or antagonists. Like the endogenous ligands, agonists always bind and activate the target to produce a cellular response. Agonist binding induces a conformational change which in turn...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 22, 2026

Corticospinal Excitability Modulation During Action Observation
12:33

Corticospinal Excitability Modulation During Action Observation

Published on: December 31, 2013

Commentary: Regulating proNGF action: multiple targets for therapeutic intervention.

Barbara L Hempstead1

  • 1Department of Medicine, Weill Cornell Medical College, 1300 York Ave, New York, NY 10065, USA. blhempst@med.cornell.edu

Neurotoxicity Research
|June 16, 2009
PubMed
Summary

The precursor form of nerve growth factor (proNGF) can trigger neuronal cell death by binding to p75 and sortilin receptors. Blocking this proNGF/p75 interaction shows therapeutic potential for central nervous system injuries.

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Jun 22, 2026

Corticospinal Excitability Modulation During Action Observation
12:33

Corticospinal Excitability Modulation During Action Observation

Published on: December 31, 2013

Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Molecular Biology
  • Cell Biology

Background:

  • Neurotrophins, like nerve growth factor (NGF), are crucial for neuronal survival and differentiation.
  • Precursor forms of neurotrophins, such as proNGF, may have distinct functions separate from mature forms.
  • The p75 neurotrophin receptor (p75NTR) and sortilin are implicated in mediating cellular responses to neurotrophins.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the distinct role of proNGF as a ligand.
  • To explore the mechanism of proNGF-induced neuronal cell death.
  • To evaluate the therapeutic potential of blocking proNGF signaling in central nervous system (CNS) pathologies.

Main Methods:

  • Investigated the binding of proNGF to specific receptor complexes.
  • Examined the induction of proNGF and p75NTR in CNS injury models.
  • Assessed the efficacy of blocking proNGF/p75NTR interactions in limiting neuronal apoptosis.

Main Results:

  • ProNGF acts as a distinct ligand, binding to a p75NTR and sortilin receptor complex.
  • This proNGF/p75NTR signaling pathway initiates neuronal cell death (apoptosis).
  • ProNGF and p75NTR are upregulated in pathological CNS states and injury models.

Conclusions:

  • ProNGF binding to p75NTR and sortilin mediates neuronal apoptosis, distinct from mature NGF signaling.
  • Blocking the proNGF/p75NTR interaction is a promising therapeutic strategy for CNS disorders.
  • Targeting proNGF action represents a potential avenue for future neuroprotective therapies.