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Stimulus-response compatibility for mixed mappings and tasks with unique responses.

Robert W Proctor1, Kim-Phuong L Vu

  • 1Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, USA. proctor@psych.purdue.edu

Quarterly Journal of Experimental Psychology (2006)
|June 16, 2009
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Mixing tasks with unique responses minimally impacts stimulus-response compatibility (SRC) and Simon effects. This suggests response suppression primarily occurs when tasks share keypresses, unlike when they use distinct hand responses.

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Area of Science:

  • Cognitive psychology
  • Human-computer interaction
  • Neuroscience

Background:

  • The stimulus-response compatibility (SRC) effect demonstrates faster reaction times with compatible stimulus-response mappings.
  • The Simon effect shows a similar compatibility advantage when stimulus location is irrelevant, but color is relevant.
  • Mixing compatible and incompatible trials, or Simon task trials, can eliminate or alter these effects.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate mixing effects on SRC and Simon effects when tasks utilize distinct keypresses.
  • To determine if unique response sets mitigate the influence of trial mixing compared to shared responses.
  • To explore the role of response suppression in the context of mixed tasks.

Main Methods:

  • Five experiments were conducted to examine mixing effects.
  • Tasks involved spatial mappings and location-irrelevant tasks (Simon task).
  • Key manipulations included shared versus distinct keypresses (left vs. right hand) for intermixed trial types.

Main Results:

  • Mixing had significantly less influence on SRC and Simon effects when tasks used distinct keypresses.
  • Response times were similarly lengthened by mixing, regardless of response set.
  • No within-task Simon effect was observed when mixing two location-irrelevant tasks or with four stimuli on a single hand.

Conclusions:

  • The relative independence of SRC and Simon effects from mixing with unique responses suggests a key difference in cognitive processing.
  • Suppression of direct response activation is likely more critical when tasks share response sets.
  • Distinct response sets may allow for more parallel processing, reducing interference from incompatible trial types.