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Related Concept Videos

Defense Against Bacterial Pathogens01:31

Defense Against Bacterial Pathogens

The human immune system is a complex network of cells, tissues, and organs that work together to defend the body against bacterial infections. It consists of various immune cells, each playing a specific role in the defense mechanism.
Phagocytes
Phagocytes are the frontline soldiers of the immune system. They include neutrophils and macrophages. Neutrophils are the most abundant type of white blood cell and are quickly mobilized to the site of infection. Macrophages are larger cells that patrol...
Autophagy01:27

Autophagy

Autophagy is a self-digesting process by which a cell protects itself from threats both within and outside the cell, ranging from abnormal proteins to invading bacteria. In this process, obsolete components of the cell and invading microbes are degraded by hydrolytic enzymes active in an acidic environment of the lysosomal lumen.
An autophagic pathway consists of a series of signaling events activated in response to diverse stress and physiological conditions such as food deprivation,...
Immune Surveillance by NK Cells and Phagocytes01:25

Immune Surveillance by NK Cells and Phagocytes

Immune surveillance is an integral part of the innate immune system, involving the continuous monitoring of peripheral tissues to detect and respond to pathogens, infected cells, or cancerous cells. This surveillance is conducted primarily by natural killer (NK) cells and phagocytes, which employ distinct but complementary mechanisms to identify and eliminate threats.
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Delivery Pathways to the Lysosome01:36

Delivery Pathways to the Lysosome

Eukaryotic cells use different mechanisms to eliminate toxic waste obsolete and worn-out substances. Lysosomes play a pivotal role in this, and hence, these substances are carried to the lysosome from other parts of the cell and extracellular space through different pathways. The most elaborately studied pathways to the lysosome are the endocytic pathways.
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Cellular Injury V: Apoptosis and Autophagy

Cells respond to damage and stress through highly coordinated processes that decide whether they survive or undergo controlled self-destruction. Two major pathways involved in this regulation are apoptosis, a type of programmed cell death, and autophagy, a survival mechanism that helps cells adapt to adverse conditions.ApoptosisApoptosis removes aged or injured cells to maintain tissue balance. During this process, the cell shrinks, chromatin condenses and fragments, and membrane-bound...

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Updated: Jun 22, 2026

Use of Shigella flexneri to Study Autophagy-Cytoskeleton Interactions
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Use of Shigella flexneri to Study Autophagy-Cytoskeleton Interactions

Published on: September 9, 2014

Autophagy, immunity, and microbial adaptations.

Vojo Deretic1, Beth Levine

  • 1Department of Molecular Genetics and Microbiology, University of New Mexico Health Sciences Center, 915 Camino de Salud, NE, Albuquerque, NM 87131, USA. vderetic@salud.unm.edu

Cell Host & Microbe
|June 17, 2009
PubMed
Summary

Autophagy is a cellular process vital for immunity and fighting infections. Pathogens have evolved to evade or exploit autophagy, creating a complex battle that determines infection outcomes.

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Isolation of Salmonella typhimurium-containing Phagosomes from Macrophages
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Isolation of Salmonella typhimurium-containing Phagosomes from Macrophages

Published on: October 25, 2017

Area of Science:

  • Cellular Biology
  • Immunology
  • Microbiology

Background:

  • Autophagy is a fundamental cellular process that regulates biomass and cellular functions.
  • Autophagy plays a critical role in immune system development and host defense against pathogens.
  • Intracellular pathogens have evolved mechanisms to counteract or hijack host autophagy for their own benefit.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To explore the multifaceted roles of autophagy in host-pathogen interactions.
  • To understand how pathogens adapt to subvert or utilize the autophagic machinery.
  • To elucidate the complex interplay governing the outcome of host-microbe encounters.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of autophagy and microbial pathogenesis.
  • Analysis of molecular mechanisms of autophagic evasion by pathogens.
  • Examination of host immune responses involving autophagy.

Main Results:

  • Autophagy serves as a crucial innate defense mechanism against intracellular microbes.
  • Pathogens have developed sophisticated strategies to inhibit or manipulate autophagy.
  • Eukaryotic pathogens may possess their own autophagic machinery contributing to pathogenesis.

Conclusions:

  • The interaction between autophagy and microbial adaptations is a key determinant of host-microbe dynamics.
  • Understanding this interplay is essential for developing novel therapeutic strategies against infectious diseases.
  • Autophagy represents a critical battleground in the co-evolution of hosts and pathogens.