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Depression: Overview01:18

Depression: Overview

Depression is a prevalent mental illness marked by persistent sadness and lack of interest in previously enjoyable activities. It can take several forms, including major depression, persistent depressive disorder, and bipolar I and II disorders. Symptoms range from emotional changes like chronic worry to physical changes like sleep disturbances and suicidal thoughts. From a neurobiological perspective, depression is believed to be triggered by abnormalities in the brain's prefrontal cortex,...
Depressive Disorders: Etiology01:27

Depressive Disorders: Etiology

Depressive disorders result from a complex interplay of biological, psychological, and sociocultural factors, each contributing uniquely to the development and persistence of the condition. Understanding these factors provides critical insight into the multifaceted nature of depression.
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Depressive Disorders: MDD and Dysthymia01:27

Depressive Disorders: MDD and Dysthymia

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Coping Strategies: Emotion Focused01:20

Coping Strategies: Emotion Focused

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Coping Strategies: Problem Focused01:27

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 22, 2026

Vagus Nerve Stimulation As an Adjunctive Neurostimulation Tool in Treatment-resistant Depression
04:29

Vagus Nerve Stimulation As an Adjunctive Neurostimulation Tool in Treatment-resistant Depression

Published on: January 7, 2019

Negotiating 'depression' in primary care: a qualitative study.

Susan McPherson1, David Armstrong

  • 1University of Essex, Colchester, UK. susan@mcpherson.org.uk

Social Science & Medicine (1982)
|June 17, 2009
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

When standard antidepressant treatments fail for depression, general practitioners (GPs) may perceive patients as having pre-medicalized conditions. This can lead to de-medicalization and impact patient access to care.

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Last Updated: Jun 22, 2026

Vagus Nerve Stimulation As an Adjunctive Neurostimulation Tool in Treatment-resistant Depression
04:29

Vagus Nerve Stimulation As an Adjunctive Neurostimulation Tool in Treatment-resistant Depression

Published on: January 7, 2019

Area of Science:

  • Medical Sociology
  • General Practice
  • Psychiatry

Background:

  • Primary care physicians, particularly General Practitioners (GPs) in the UK, are trained to diagnose and manage depression, often with antidepressants as a first-line treatment.
  • Psychiatry offers diagnostic tools for classifying depression severity, guiding primary care management strategies.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate how GPs conceptualize 'depression' in patients who do not respond to standard antidepressant treatments.
  • To explore the construction of 'depression' by GPs when faced with treatment-resistant cases.

Main Methods:

  • Qualitative study involving interviews with twenty purposively selected General Practitioners (GPs).
  • GPs were asked to discuss their experiences and management of patients with depression unresponsive to antidepressants.

Main Results:

  • GPs initially found it difficult to categorize these patients but eventually described them as having pre-medicalized traits.
  • These traits included perceived negative personality characteristics, manipulative tendencies, and significant social difficulties.
  • GPs employed non-medical responses, such as unsympathetic reactions and social interventions, indicating a de-medicalization of depression.

Conclusions:

  • In cases of treatment-resistant depression, GPs may de-medicalize the condition, reframing it as a personality or social issue.
  • This de-medicalization process can affect patient access to appropriate services and highlights how medical frameworks shape disease perception.