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Parenteral Drug Delivery Systems: Injectables, Implants, and Infusion Devices01:28

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Parenteral drug delivery systems play a crucial role in modern therapeutics by enabling the direct administration of drugs into the systemic circulation, bypassing the gastrointestinal tract. These systems are particularly valuable for poorly absorbed oral medications that are unstable in the digestive environment or require rapid onset or sustained therapeutic levels. Delivery is achieved through intravenous, intramuscular, or subcutaneous routes, each selected based on the drug's properties...
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Intravenous regional anesthesia or the Bier block technique is used to anesthetize a specific limb or extremity. It uses exsanguinated or blood-drained vessels to transport local anesthetics or LAs to the peripheral nerve trunks. Lidocaine without vasoconstrictors like epinephrine is most commonly used for this technique. Other drugs used are prilocaine, ropivacaine, and chloroprocaine. Bupivacaine is not recommended for this technique due to its high cardiac toxicity.
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Calculating drug dosage and accumulation in multiple-dose regimens is crucial for achieving therapeutic efficacy while avoiding toxicity. This involves determining the plasma drug concentrations over time to optimize dosing schedules. The principle of superposition is fundamental in this process, allowing for the prediction of drug concentration in plasma following multiple doses based on single-dose data.The principle of superposition asserts that the plasma concentration-time curves from...
Drug Delivery: Parenteral Route01:29

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The parenteral route is a critical method of drug administration. It delivers compounds directly into the systemic circulation and bypasses the gastrointestinal tract. This approach is particularly advantageous for drugs that exhibit poor absorption or instability when administered orally.
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Biologics, derived from living sources such as humans, animals, or microorganisms, represent a significant category of pharmaceuticals. These complex molecules, developed through advanced biotechnological methods or purified from natural sources, include essential medical treatments like insulin and growth hormones. The complexity of biologics arises from their large molecular structures and the intricate processes required for their production, making them distinct from conventional...
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 22, 2026

The Quantification of Injectability by Mechanical Testing
04:46

The Quantification of Injectability by Mechanical Testing

Published on: May 13, 2020

Injectable fillers: an American perspective.

N M Curcio1, L C Parish

  • 1Division of Dermatology, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA.

Giornale Italiano Di Dermatologia E Venereologia : Organo Ufficiale, Societa Italiana Di Dermatologia E Sifilografia
|June 17, 2009
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

This review examines United States Food and Drug Administration (FDA) approved dermal fillers for cosmetic rejuvenation and facial lipoatrophy, highlighting potential complications from various injectable products.

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Last Updated: Jun 22, 2026

The Quantification of Injectability by Mechanical Testing
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Published on: May 13, 2020

Injectable Supramolecular Polymer-Nanoparticle Hydrogels for Cell and Drug Delivery Applications
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Published on: February 7, 2021

Area of Science:

  • Dermatology
  • Plastic Surgery
  • Cosmetic Science

Background:

  • The United States Food and Drug Administration (FDA) has approved a range of dermal fillers since 1981 for cosmetic and reconstructive purposes.
  • Available fillers include collagen, hyaluronic acid, poly-L-lactic acid, calcium hydroxylapatite, and polymethylmethacrylate.
  • Many fillers were introduced internationally before FDA approval, with complications documented globally.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review three specific injectable fillers that have been associated with significant complications.
  • To discuss fillers available internationally or used off-label in the USA.
  • To inform practitioners about potential risks associated with certain dermal filler products.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of available dermal fillers.
  • Analysis of complication data from studies conducted in the USA and internationally.
  • Focus on three specific fillers: liquid injectable silicone, DermaLive/DermaDeep, and Bio-Alcamid.

Main Results:

  • Several dermal fillers, particularly those used internationally or off-label, have been linked to significant adverse events.
  • The review specifically examines complications associated with liquid injectable silicone, DermaLive/DermaDeep, and Bio-Alcamid.
  • Understanding these complications is crucial for patient safety and informed clinical decision-making.

Conclusions:

  • Practitioners should be aware of the potential complications associated with various dermal fillers, especially those used off-label or with limited FDA data.
  • A thorough understanding of filler properties and associated risks is essential for safe cosmetic and reconstructive procedures.
  • Continued vigilance and reporting of adverse events are necessary to ensure patient safety in aesthetic medicine.