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Related Concept Videos

What is Population Genetics?01:25

What is Population Genetics?

A population is composed of members of the same species that simultaneously live and interact in the same area. When individuals in a population breed, they pass down their genes to their offspring. Many of these genes are polymorphic, meaning that they occur in multiple variants. Such variations of a gene are referred to as alleles. The collective set of all the alleles within a population is known as the gene pool.While some alleles of a given gene might be observed commonly, other variants...
Principles of Pharmacogenetics: Types of Genetic Variants01:27

Principles of Pharmacogenetics: Types of Genetic Variants

The human genome is over 99.9% identical between individuals, yet genetic differences exist at millions of bases. The human genome contains approximately 3 million variant positions per individual, many of which are heterozygous, contributing to genetic diversity and individual traits. Genetic variations include single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs), insertions, deletions, and copy number variations (CNVs).SNPs, the most common variation, involve single-base changes in DNA. These can be...
Genetic Variation01:25

Genetic Variation

Genetic variation is the diversity in DNA sequences found among individuals of the same species. This diversity is crucial for a species' survival because it helps organisms adapt to environmental changes. Genetic variation begins with fertilization, where an egg and sperm cell merge. Each of these cells carries 23 chromosomes, up to 46 in the fertilized egg. Chromosomes are long DNA strands that contain genes, the basic units of heredity.
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Mutation, Gene Flow, and Genetic Drift01:09

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In a population that is not at Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium, the frequency of alleles changes over time. Therefore, any deviations from the five conditions of Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium can alter the genetic variation of a given population. Conditions that change the genetic variability of a population include mutations, natural selection, non-random mating, gene flow, and genetic drift (small population size).Mechanisms of Genetic VariationThe original sources of genetic variation are mutations,...
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Analysis of population pharmacokinetic data involves studying the behavior of drugs within diverse populations to understand their pharmacokinetic parameters. Traditional pharmacokinetic methods typically involve collecting samples from a few individuals and estimating these parameters. While these methods are commonly used, they have limitations in capturing the variability in drug response among individuals or heterogeneous populations. Population pharmacokinetics is employed to address these...
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Heuristic Mining of Hierarchical Genotypes and Accessory Genome Loci in Bacterial Populations
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[Phenogenetic variability and population meronomy].

A G Vasil'ev

    Zhurnal Obshchei Biologii
    |June 18, 2009
    PubMed
    Summary
    This summary is machine-generated.

    Phenogenetic variability, a key concept in evolutionary theory, involves both deterministic and stochastic developmental processes. This study introduces population epigenetic landscape and ontogenesis to explain how populations adapt and express diverse traits.

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    Area of Science:

    • Evolutionary developmental biology
    • Epigenetics
    • Morphogenesis

    Context:

    • Builds upon M.A. Shishkin's epigenetic evolutionary theory and S.V. Meyen's concept of meron.
    • Integrates N.P. Krenke's "phenogenetic variability" with developmental laws and epigenetic thresholds.
    • Introduces novel concepts: population epigenetic landscape (PEL), population ontogenesis (PO), and population meronomy.

    Purpose:

    • To reframe phenogenetic variability as a morphogenetic realization of meron, encompassing deterministic and stochastic components.
    • To define and explore population ontogenesis as a population-specific deformation of the species developmental program.
    • To establish population meronomy for characterizing population-level epigenetic diversity and transformation pathways.

    Summary:

    • Phenogenetic variability comprises organized (epigenetic) and random (realized) components, reflecting canalized morphogenesis and spontaneous shifts in developmental programs.
    • Population ontogenesis represents environmentally adapted, selection-driven variations in species developmental programs, unique to each population.
    • Individual phenotypes are probabilistic copies of the population epigenetic pattern, visualized through bilateral structure analysis and constrained by epigenetic thresholds.

    Impact:

    • Provides a framework for understanding population-level epigenetic diversity and its role in evolution.
    • Enables visualization of meronomic diversity and transformation paths through population-meronomic analysis.
    • Connects individual development to population-level epigenetic patterns, offering insights into evolutionary constraints and possibilities.