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Updated: Jun 22, 2026

Drug-Induced Sleep Endoscopy (DISE) with Target Controlled Infusion (TCI) and Bispectral Analysis in Obstructive Sleep Apnea

Drug-Induced Sleep Endoscopy (DISE) with Target Controlled Infusion (TCI) and Bispectral Analysis in Obstructive Sleep Apnea

Published on: December 6, 2016

Potential therapeutic targets in obstructive sleep apnoea.

Julian P Saboisky¹, Nancy L Chamberlin, Atul Malhotra

¹Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Division of Sleep Medicine, 221 Longwood Avenue, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, USA. JSABOISKY@partners.org

Expert Opinion on Therapeutic Targets

|June 18, 2009

Summary

Obstructive sleep apnoea (OSA) is a growing health concern. This review highlights the need for personalized treatments beyond CPAP, exploring pharmacological and surgical options for managing this complex condition.

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Last Updated: Jun 22, 2026

Drug-Induced Sleep Endoscopy (DISE) with Target Controlled Infusion (TCI) and Bispectral Analysis in Obstructive Sleep Apnea

Drug-Induced Sleep Endoscopy (DISE) with Target Controlled Infusion (TCI) and Bispectral Analysis in Obstructive Sleep Apnea

Published on: December 6, 2016

Area of Science:

Sleep Medicine
Respiratory Medicine
Otolaryngology

Background:

Obstructive sleep apnoea (OSA) is a prevalent condition associated with significant health impairments.
Key symptoms include loud snoring, disrupted sleep, and observed breathing cessations.
Continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) is a primary treatment, but variable patient tolerance necessitates alternative approaches.

Purpose of the Study:

To review the complex pathophysiology of obstructive sleep apnoea.
To emphasize the need for individually targeted treatment strategies.
To explore alternative therapeutic modalities for OSA management.

Main Methods:

Literature review focusing on the mechanisms and treatment of OSA.
Analysis of anatomical and pathophysiological factors contributing to airway collapse.
Evaluation of current and emerging treatment options, including pharmacological and surgical interventions.

Main Results:

OSA is characterized by anatomically vulnerable airways and diverse pathophysiological factors.
CPAP treatment shows efficacy but has limitations in patient adherence.
Multiple treatment approaches, tailored to individual mechanisms, are required for effective OSA management.

Conclusions:

The complexity of OSA necessitates a multifaceted and personalized treatment strategy.
Pharmacological interventions targeting arousal threshold and ventilatory control show promise.
Surgical options and lung volume augmentation represent mechanical treatment alternatives.