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Related Concept Videos

Laminar and Turbulent Flow01:07

Laminar and Turbulent Flow

Fluid dynamics is the study of fluids in motion. Velocity vectors are often used to illustrate fluid motion in applications like meteorology. For example, wind—the fluid motion of air in the atmosphere—can be represented by vectors indicating the speed and direction of the wind at any given point on a map. Another method for representing fluid motion is a streamline. A streamline represents the path of a small volume of fluid as it flows. When the flow pattern changes with time, the streamlines...
Turbulent Flow01:24

Turbulent Flow

Turbulent flow is characterized by unpredictable fluctuations in velocity and pressure, which result in a chaotic fluid movement distinct from the orderly patterns of laminar flow. While laminar flow is governed by smooth, parallel layers with minimal mixing, turbulent flow exhibits highly irregular, three-dimensional patterns. This behavior arises due to instabilities in the fluid's velocity profile, and amplifies as the flow velocity increases. Minor disturbances, known as turbulent spots,...
Eulerian and Lagrangian Flow Descriptions01:22

Eulerian and Lagrangian Flow Descriptions

Fluid flow analysis is critical in many scientific and engineering disciplines, and two principal approaches are used to describe this flow: the Eulerian and Lagrangian methods. These methods offer different perspectives on monitoring and analyzing the motion of fluids, each with distinct advantages depending on the scenario.
The Eulerian method focuses on fixed points in space where fluid properties, such as velocity, pressure, and temperature, are observed as the fluid moves between these...
Steady, Laminar Flow in Circular Tubes01:23

Steady, Laminar Flow in Circular Tubes

Hagen-Poiseuille flow describes a viscous fluid's steady, incompressible flow through a cylindrical tube with a constant radius R. This flow profile is often applied to understand fluid transport in narrow channels, such as capillaries. It serves as a foundational example of laminar flow. In this model, cylindrical coordinates (r,θ,z) are used to describe the radial (r), angular (θ), and axial (z) dimensions within the tube. For Hagen-Poiseuille flow, the velocity profile is purely axial,...
Turbulent Flow: Problem Solving01:09

Turbulent Flow: Problem Solving

Carbonation is a process used to dissolve carbon dioxide gas in a liquid, commonly used in the production of carbonated beverages. Achieving efficient carbonation requires careful control of temperature, pressure, and flow conditions. By adjusting these parameters, carbonation efficiency can be maximized, producing a higher concentration of CO2 in the liquid.
Temperature is a key factor in CO2 solubility. In this case, the CO2 gas and the liquid are cooled to 20°C. Lower temperatures enhance...
Typical Model Studies01:30

Typical Model Studies

Fluid mechanics model studies often utilize scaled-down systems to predict fluid behavior in full-scale environments, such as river flows, dam spillways, and structures interacting with open surfaces. Maintaining Froude number similarity in river models is crucial, as it replicates surface flow features like wave patterns and velocities.

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 22, 2026

Simultaneous Measurement of Turbulence and Particle Kinematics Using Flow Imaging Techniques
10:53

Simultaneous Measurement of Turbulence and Particle Kinematics Using Flow Imaging Techniques

Published on: March 12, 2019

On integrating large eddy simulation and laboratory turbulent flow experiments.

Fernando F Grinstein1

  • 1Applied Physics Division, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, NM 87545, USA. fgrinstein@lanl.gov

Philosophical Transactions. Series A, Mathematical, Physical, and Engineering Sciences
|June 18, 2009
PubMed
Summary

Large eddy simulation (LES) faces challenges in modeling subgrid scales and boundary conditions. Accurate flow characterization is crucial for validating LES against experimental data, especially concerning turbulent initial conditions.

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Jun 22, 2026

Simultaneous Measurement of Turbulence and Particle Kinematics Using Flow Imaging Techniques
10:53

Simultaneous Measurement of Turbulence and Particle Kinematics Using Flow Imaging Techniques

Published on: March 12, 2019

Area of Science:

  • Fluid Dynamics
  • Computational Science

Background:

  • Large Eddy Simulation (LES) requires accurate modeling of subgrid-scale (SGS) flow features.
  • Experimental and computational fluid dynamics studies face challenges in flow characterization and validation.
  • Initial and boundary conditions significantly impact LES accuracy.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To highlight critical issues in Large Eddy Simulation (LES) experiments.
  • To discuss challenges in flow characterization for validation studies.
  • To emphasize the importance of turbulent initial conditions in LES.

Main Methods:

  • Discussion of inherent limitations in LES and laboratory experiments.
  • Analysis of flow characterization challenges in validation.
  • Focus on subgrid-scale modeling and boundary condition strategies.

Main Results:

  • Unresolved subgrid-scale features and boundary conditions are critical LES issues.
  • Flow characterization is challenging in validation and computational studies.
  • Turbulent initial conditions present significant difficulties.

Conclusions:

  • Addressing SGS modeling and boundary conditions is essential for LES.
  • Rigorous flow characterization is necessary to minimize discrepancies in validation.
  • Careful consideration of turbulent initial conditions is vital for reliable LES predictions.