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Related Concept Videos

Laminar and Turbulent Flow01:07

Laminar and Turbulent Flow

Fluid dynamics is the study of fluids in motion. Velocity vectors are often used to illustrate fluid motion in applications like meteorology. For example, wind—the fluid motion of air in the atmosphere—can be represented by vectors indicating the speed and direction of the wind at any given point on a map. Another method for representing fluid motion is a streamline. A streamline represents the path of a small volume of fluid as it flows. When the flow pattern changes with time, the streamlines...
Turbulent Flow01:24

Turbulent Flow

Turbulent flow is characterized by unpredictable fluctuations in velocity and pressure, which result in a chaotic fluid movement distinct from the orderly patterns of laminar flow. While laminar flow is governed by smooth, parallel layers with minimal mixing, turbulent flow exhibits highly irregular, three-dimensional patterns. This behavior arises due to instabilities in the fluid's velocity profile, and amplifies as the flow velocity increases. Minor disturbances, known as turbulent spots,...
Turbulent Flow: Problem Solving01:09

Turbulent Flow: Problem Solving

Carbonation is a process used to dissolve carbon dioxide gas in a liquid, commonly used in the production of carbonated beverages. Achieving efficient carbonation requires careful control of temperature, pressure, and flow conditions. By adjusting these parameters, carbonation efficiency can be maximized, producing a higher concentration of CO2 in the liquid.
Temperature is a key factor in CO2 solubility. In this case, the CO2 gas and the liquid are cooled to 20°C. Lower temperatures enhance...
Steady, Laminar Flow in Circular Tubes01:23

Steady, Laminar Flow in Circular Tubes

Hagen-Poiseuille flow describes a viscous fluid's steady, incompressible flow through a cylindrical tube with a constant radius R. This flow profile is often applied to understand fluid transport in narrow channels, such as capillaries. It serves as a foundational example of laminar flow. In this model, cylindrical coordinates (r,θ,z) are used to describe the radial (r), angular (θ), and axial (z) dimensions within the tube. For Hagen-Poiseuille flow, the velocity profile is purely axial,...
Typical Model Studies01:30

Typical Model Studies

Fluid mechanics model studies often utilize scaled-down systems to predict fluid behavior in full-scale environments, such as river flows, dam spillways, and structures interacting with open surfaces. Maintaining Froude number similarity in river models is crucial, as it replicates surface flow features like wave patterns and velocities.
Laminar Flow: Problem Solving01:24

Laminar Flow: Problem Solving

Laminar flow occurs when a fluid moves smoothly in parallel layers with minimal mixing and turbulence. In fluid mechanics, ensuring laminar flow within a pipe is essential for precise control of flow characteristics, especially in engineering applications. The key factor in determining whether flow remains laminar is the Reynolds number, a dimensionless quantity that depends on the fluid's velocity, density, viscosity, and the pipe's diameter. A Reynolds number of 2100 or lower indicates...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 22, 2026

A Rapid Method for Modeling a Variable Cycle Engine
04:58

A Rapid Method for Modeling a Variable Cycle Engine

Published on: August 13, 2019

Developing large eddy simulation for turbomachinery applications.

Simon J Eastwood1, Paul G Tucker, Hao Xia

  • 1Whittle Laboratory, Department of Engineering, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 1TN, UK.

Philosophical Transactions. Series A, Mathematical, Physical, and Engineering Sciences
|June 18, 2009
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Numerical large eddy simulation (NLES) can replace subgrid-scale (SGS) models in jet simulations, especially with dissipative schemes. Other factors like inflow conditions and transition are more critical than SGS models for complex flows.

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Three-dimensional Particle Tracking Velocimetry for Turbulence Applications: Case of a Jet Flow
13:02

Three-dimensional Particle Tracking Velocimetry for Turbulence Applications: Case of a Jet Flow

Published on: February 27, 2016

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Last Updated: Jun 22, 2026

A Rapid Method for Modeling a Variable Cycle Engine
04:58

A Rapid Method for Modeling a Variable Cycle Engine

Published on: August 13, 2019

Three-dimensional Particle Tracking Velocimetry for Turbulence Applications: Case of a Jet Flow
13:02

Three-dimensional Particle Tracking Velocimetry for Turbulence Applications: Case of a Jet Flow

Published on: February 27, 2016

Area of Science:

  • Computational Fluid Dynamics
  • Turbulence Modeling
  • Aerodynamics

Background:

  • Accurate simulation of turbulent flows is crucial in aerospace engineering.
  • Subgrid-scale (SGS) models are traditionally used in large eddy simulations (LES) to approximate unresolved scales.
  • The necessity and impact of SGS models in various flow regimes require further investigation.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To compare the performance of different numerical schemes and SGS models for jet simulations.
  • To investigate the feasibility of abandoning SGS models in favor of numerical dissipation, termed numerical large eddy simulation (NLES).
  • To apply and evaluate NLES combined with Reynolds-averaged Navier-Stokes (RANS) models for complex industrial flows.

Main Methods:

  • Comparison of various numerical schemes with and without SGS models for jet flows.
  • Investigation of coaxial and chevron nozzle jet geometries.
  • Integration of a near-wall RANS model with NLES for unresolved near-wall structures.
  • Application of the NLES-RANS strategy to compressor and turbine flow simulations.

Main Results:

  • Little variation in simulation results across different SGS models was observed.
  • Numerical schemes with inherent dissipation can effectively replace SGS models, leading to NLES.
  • The NLES-RANS approach successfully computed complex geometries like coaxial and chevron nozzle jets.
  • The RANS layer proved beneficial in preventing premature separation upstream of compressor leading edges and aided in turbine flow capture.
  • Inflow conditions, problem definition, and transition were found to be more influential than SGS models for the studied flows.

Conclusions:

  • Numerical large eddy simulation (NLES) is a viable alternative to traditional SGS modeling for certain jet flows, particularly when using dissipative numerical schemes.
  • The combination of NLES and RANS models offers a robust strategy for simulating complex industrial aerodynamic applications, including compressor and turbine flows.
  • For the investigated flows, factors beyond SGS modeling, such as inflow conditions and flow transition, significantly impact simulation accuracy.