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Related Concept Videos

Quadric Surfaces01:28

Quadric Surfaces

Quadric surfaces are three-dimensional surfaces characterized by second-degree equations in the variables x, y, and z. These surfaces are smooth and continuous, and specific combinations of squared and linear terms define their shapes. The main types of quadric surfaces include ellipsoids, cones, paraboloids, and hyperboloids. Each type exhibits distinct geometric features depending on how the variables are arranged and related within the equation.Ellipsoids are closed surfaces formed when all...
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The theory of projectile motion is very useful for players of several sports to improve their performance. For example, a javelin thrower needs to throw their javelin in such a way that it travels as far as possible. The javelin thrower takes a short run-up to increase the initial speed of the javelin. The range of a projectile is at its maximum at a 45° angle so javelin throwers try to angle their throw as close to 45° as possible.
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Projectile motion models the flight of an object launched into the air, such as a soccer ball kicked during a penalty, under the simplifying assumption that air resistance is negligible. When gravity is the only force, the object experiences a steady downward acceleration at all times. This single fact explains why projectile motion can be analyzed as two independent motions happening simultaneously: a horizontal motion that does not speed up or slow down, and a vertical motion that continually...
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Updated: Jun 22, 2026

Characterization of Surface Modifications by White Light Interferometry: Applications in Ion Sputtering, Laser Ablation, and Tribology Experiments
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Characterization of Surface Modifications by White Light Interferometry: Applications in Ion Sputtering, Laser Ablation, and Tribology Experiments

Published on: February 27, 2013

Stable discrete surface light bullets.

Dumitru Mihalache, Dumitru Mazilu, Falk Lederer

    Optics Express
    |June 18, 2009
    PubMed
    Summary
    This summary is machine-generated.

    Researchers discovered novel discrete surface light bullets, a new type of spatiotemporal soliton in nonlinear optical waveguides. Their properties are significantly influenced by the array

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    Area of Science:

    • Nonlinear optics
    • Condensed matter physics
    • Photonics

    Background:

    • Optical waveguide arrays are crucial for light manipulation.
    • Nonlinear effects in coupled waveguides lead to complex light dynamics.
    • Surface phenomena in discrete optical systems are of significant interest.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To investigate spatiotemporal light localization at the edge of nonlinear optical waveguide arrays.
    • To identify and characterize a new class of solitons: discrete surface light bullets.
    • To analyze the influence of the surface on soliton properties and their transition to bulk behavior.

    Main Methods:

    • Analysis of spatiotemporal light localization.
    • Theoretical modeling of continuous-discrete spatiotemporal solitons.
    • Numerical simulations of light propagation in semi-infinite waveguide arrays.
    • Study of soliton families at varying distances from the array edge.

    Main Results:

    • Demonstration of the existence of discrete surface light bullets.
    • Quantification of the strong impact of the surface on soliton properties.
    • Characterization of the crossover between surface and quasi-bulk soliton behaviors.
    • Mapping of soliton propagation dynamics relative to the waveguide array surface.

    Conclusions:

    • Discrete surface light bullets represent a novel class of nonlinear optical solitons.
    • The surface of the waveguide array fundamentally alters soliton characteristics.
    • Understanding this surface effect is key to controlling light localization in discrete systems.