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Related Concept Videos

High-Performance Liquid Chromatography: Elution Process01:05

High-Performance Liquid Chromatography: Elution Process

In High-Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC), the elution process is critical to the separation of analytes and the quality of chromatographic results. Elution describes how compounds move through the column and separate based on their interactions with the mobile and stationary phases. This process determines the resolution, peak shape, and retention times in the chromatogram, which are essential for identifying and quantifying components in complex mixtures. Understanding the elution...
Chromatographic Methods: Classification01:12

Chromatographic Methods: Classification

Chromatographic techniques are classified in three ways: the classification is based on the physical state of the stationary and mobile phases, how the mobile phase and the stationary phase contact each other, or through the chemical or physical processes that isolate the components of the sample. Typically, the mobile phase is either a liquid or gas, while the stationary phase is either a solid or a liquid layer applied to a solid surface.
Chromatographic techniques are typically named by...
Optimizing Chromatographic Separations01:15

Optimizing Chromatographic Separations

Optimizing chromatographic separations is crucial for obtaining clean separations in a minimum amount of time. Optimization is required for several factors, including kinetic effects related to band broadening, plate height, capacity factor, and separation factor.
Band broadening refers to spreading solute bands as they travel through the column. This broadening can impact resolution. Plate height (H) represents the length required for one theoretical plate. A lower plate height corresponds to...
Principles Of Column Chromatography01:13

Principles Of Column Chromatography

The chromatography technique was first invented in 1901 by Michael S. Tswett, a Russian botanist, to separate plant pigments using organic solvents. Further, in 1941, Archer John Porter Martin and R. L. M. Synge modified the technique by packing silica gel into a column. A mixture of amino acids was then separated on the packed column using chloroform and water mixture as the mobile phase. This was the first report on column chromatography. At present, column chromatography is a widely used...
High-Performance Liquid Chromatography: Instrumentation00:57

High-Performance Liquid Chromatography: Instrumentation

High-performance liquid chromatography, or HPLC, is an analytical technique that separates liquid samples under high pressures. An HPLC instrument consists of glass bottles for storing solvents called mobile phase reservoirs. HPLC-grade solvents are used to maintain high purity, and the dissolved gases are removed using a degasser, such as a vacuum pumping system or sparging with helium. The solvents are then pumped into the analytical column using a screw-driven syringe or reciprocating pumps.
Chromatographic Methods: Terminology01:18

Chromatographic Methods: Terminology

Chromatography is an analytical technique widely used in fields such as chemistry, biology, environmental science, and pharmaceuticals to separate the components of a mixture and identify substances between them. The process of chromatography is based on the interactions between two distinct phases: the stationary phase and the mobile phase. The stationary phase is fixed in place by a supporting material, while the mobile phase moves over it, carrying the solutes. As the mobile phase travels,...

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Updated: Jun 22, 2026

Detection of Regulated Ergot Alkaloids in Food Matrices by Liquid Chromatography-Trapped Ion Mobility Spectrometry-Time-of-Flight Mass Spectrometry
08:56

Detection of Regulated Ergot Alkaloids in Food Matrices by Liquid Chromatography-Trapped Ion Mobility Spectrometry-Time-of-Flight Mass Spectrometry

Published on: November 22, 2024

Sample concentration using optical chromatography.

Sean J Hart, Alex Terray, Jonathan Arnold

    Optics Express
    |June 18, 2009
    PubMed
    Summary
    This summary is machine-generated.

    Optical chromatography uses light and fluid forces to separate microscopic particles. This technique successfully concentrated Bacillus anthracis spores, showing potential for biodefense applications.

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    Published on: January 1, 2016

    Area of Science:

    • Biophysics
    • Analytical Chemistry
    • Microfluidics

    Background:

    • Optical chromatography separates particles using balanced optical and fluidic forces.
    • Forces are sensitive to particle properties, enabling coarse and fine separations.
    • Adaptation for sample concentration and bioenrichment is explored.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To adapt optical chromatography as an optical filter for concentrating and bioenriching microscopic particles.
    • To demonstrate the technique's efficacy in concentrating Bacillus anthracis spores.

    Main Methods:

    • Utilizing a laser beam propagating against fluid flow to trap and position microscopic particles.
    • Directing the optical chromatography beam within a tailored flow environment.
    • Balancing optical and fluidic forces to achieve particle separation and concentration.

    Main Results:

    • Demonstrated successful concentration of Bacillus anthracis spores.
    • Showcased the potential for both coarse and fine particle separations.
    • Validated the adaptation of optical chromatography as an optical filter.

    Conclusions:

    • Optical chromatography is effective for concentrating and bioenriching colloidal and biological samples.
    • The technique has significant implications for biodefense, particularly in detecting agents like Bacillus anthracis.
    • Further development of fluidic and optical environments will enhance identification, concentration, and separation capabilities for various microscopic particles and biological suspensions.