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A brain abscess is a focal, intracerebral infection characterized by a localized collection of pus within the brain parenchyma, resulting from microbial invasion and the body’s inflammatory response. It progresses through stages: early and late cerebritis, followed by early and late capsule formation, reflecting tissue destruction, immune response, and eventual encapsulation.Etiology and PathogenesisCausative organisms vary with source and host factors, often involving polymicrobial infections,...
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DefinitionHepatic encephalopathy is a reversible neurologic syndrome that results from advanced liver dysfunction or portosystemic shunting. It leads to disturbances in cognition, behavior, and motor function due to the brain’s exposure to gut-derived toxins that the liver fails to detoxify.EtiologyThis condition develops either in the setting of acute fulminant hepatitis or progressively during chronic liver disease, such as cirrhosis and portal hypertension. Portosystemic shunting—including...
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Vasogenic edema is a major form of cerebral edema characterized by abnormal accumulation of fluid in the brain’s extracellular space due to disruption of the blood–brain barrier (BBB). The BBB is a specialized structure composed of endothelial cells connected by tight junctions, supported by astrocytic endfeet and a basement membrane. Under normal conditions, it tightly regulates the movement of ions, proteins, and solutes between the bloodstream and brain parenchyma. When this barrier loses...
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Cognitive impairment in the septic brain.

Clarissa M Comim1, Leandra C Constantino, Tatiana Barichello

  • 1Laboratório de Neurociências and Instituto Nacional de Ciência e Tecnologia Translacional em Medicina, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências da Saúde, Unidade Acadêmica de Ciências da Saúde, Universidade do Extremo Sul Catarinense, SC, Brazil

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Summary

Sepsis survivors often experience long-term cognitive impairment, impacting memory and attention. Understanding the mechanisms of septic encephalopathy is crucial for developing effective treatments.

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Investigating Alterations in Caecum Microbiota After Traumatic Brain Injury in Mice
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Published on: September 19, 2019

Area of Science:

  • Critical Care Medicine
  • Neuroscience
  • Infectious Diseases

Background:

  • Sepsis is a life-threatening condition with significant mortality.
  • Intensive Care Unit (ICU) survivors frequently exhibit persistent cognitive deficits.
  • The exact causes of sepsis-induced brain dysfunction remain unclear.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the clinical presentation of septic encephalopathy.
  • To explore the underlying pathophysiology of sepsis-associated cognitive impairment.
  • To discuss the neurobiology of cognitive dysfunction post-sepsis.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of clinical studies and research on sepsis.
  • Analysis of existing data on septic encephalopathy.
  • Synthesis of information on neurobiological mechanisms.

Main Results:

  • Sepsis can lead to significant long-term cognitive impairments in survivors.
  • Alterations in memory, attention, and concentration are common.
  • Septic encephalopathy involves complex pathophysiological processes.

Conclusions:

  • Further research into the neurobiology of sepsis is essential.
  • Understanding these mechanisms is key to developing interventions.
  • Effective preventive and therapeutic strategies are needed for sepsis survivors.