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Related Concept Videos

Diabetes Mellitus: Type 2 and Gestational01:22

Diabetes Mellitus: Type 2 and Gestational

Type 2 diabetes, characterized by insulin resistance, arises when the insulin receptors on cells lose responsiveness to insulin, diminishing the cell's capacity to take up glucose, resulting in elevated blood glucose levels. To receive a diagnosis of Type 2 diabetes, a series of blood glucose tests are necessary to assess whether the blood glucose falls within normal parameters. If the result is out of the normal range, a patient may be diagnosed as prediabetic or diabetic, depending on the...
Psychoneuroimmunology: Diabetes and Cancer01:19

Psychoneuroimmunology: Diabetes and Cancer

Chronic stress has been linked to both the onset and progression of serious health conditions, including Type 2 diabetes and cancer. Type 2 diabetes, a widespread chronic illness, is closely associated with obesity and insulin resistance, both of which often worsen under stress. Studies indicate that men experiencing high levels of chronic stress face a 45% higher risk of developing diabetes compared to those with minimal stress. Stress triggers physiological responses that elevate blood...
Menopause01:28

Menopause

Menopause, a natural biological process marking the end of a woman's fertility, typically occurs between the fifth and sixth decade of life. This phase is characterized by the exhaustion of the ovarian follicle pool, leading to less responsive ovaries despite the high levels of Follicle Stimulating Hormone (FSH) and Luteinizing Hormone (LH). The consequential decrease in estrogen production results in symptoms like hot flashes, heavy sweating, headaches, hair loss, muscle pains, vaginal...
The Endocrine System01:29

The Endocrine System

The endocrine system is an extensive network of glands – organs or tissues in the body that create chemicals that control many bodily functions, that secrete hormones, which are chemical messengers that play essential roles in regulating various bodily functions. These hormones are secreted into the bloodstream and travel throughout the body. They require specific receptors to convey signals to cells possessing these corresponding receptors. This complex signaling mechanism ensures that every...
Type I Diabetes III: Clinical Manifestations01:19

Type I Diabetes III: Clinical Manifestations

Type 1 diabetes mellitus typically presents with rapid-onset symptoms due to the body’s inability to utilize glucose in the absence of insulin. Since insulin is required for glucose uptake into cells, its deficiency leads to hyperglycemia and cellular energy deprivation, resulting in characteristic clinical features.Polyuria and PolydipsiaOne of the earliest, most prominent symptoms is polyuria (excessive urination). When blood glucose concentrations rise above the renal threshold, the kidneys...
Pathophysiology of Diabetes01:20

Pathophysiology of Diabetes

Diabetes mellitus is a chronic metabolic disorder characterized by hyperglycemia. The four categories of diabetes are type 1 diabetes, type 2 diabetes, other specific types of diabetes, and gestational diabetes.
Type 1 diabetes is characterized by autoimmune-mediated destruction of pancreatic β cells, with environmental factors potentially triggering this process in genetically susceptible individuals. Despite many not having a family history, certain genes increase susceptibility, suggesting a...

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Updated: Jun 22, 2026

Glycemic Impact on Knee Osteoarthritis Symptoms on Physical, Radiographic, and Inflammatory Markers among Individuals Aged 50 and Over with Diabetes
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Glycemic Impact on Knee Osteoarthritis Symptoms on Physical, Radiographic, and Inflammatory Markers among Individuals Aged 50 and Over with Diabetes

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Diabetes and the menopause.

Lilantha Wedisinghe1, Mahesh Perera

  • 1Department of Gynaecology, Glasgow Royal Infirmary, Glasgow, UK.

Maturitas
|June 19, 2009
PubMed
Summary

Post-menopausal women with diabetes face high cardiovascular disease risk. Hormone replacement therapy is recommended for low-risk individuals, while non-estrogen treatments suit high-risk diabetic women.

Area of Science:

  • Endocrinology
  • Cardiology
  • Women's Health

Background:

  • Diabetes mellitus is a prevalent chronic condition in post-menopausal women.
  • Both diabetes and menopause are independent risk factors for cardiovascular disease (CVD).
  • CVD is the primary cause of mortality in Western post-menopausal populations.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review evidence regarding managing menopausal symptoms and cardiovascular risks in diabetic post-menopausal women.
  • To discuss treatment strategies considering the complexity of estrogen deficiency and co-morbidities.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review and evidence synthesis.
  • Analysis of risk factors and treatment implications in post-menopausal diabetic women.
  • Consideration of challenges in randomized controlled trials due to co-morbidities.

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Osmotic Minipump Implantation for Increasing Glucose Concentration in Mouse Cerebrospinal Fluid

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Last Updated: Jun 22, 2026

Glycemic Impact on Knee Osteoarthritis Symptoms on Physical, Radiographic, and Inflammatory Markers among Individuals Aged 50 and Over with Diabetes
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Main Results:

  • Managing menopausal symptoms and CVD risk in diabetic post-menopausal women is complex.
  • Co-morbidities in this population complicate treatment decisions and research.
  • Treatment strategies must balance symptom relief with minimizing adverse health consequences.

Conclusions:

  • Low-risk diabetic post-menopausal women may benefit from appropriate hormone replacement therapy (HRT).
  • High-risk diabetic post-menopausal women should prioritize non-estrogen-based treatments.
  • Personalized management strategies are crucial for this patient group.