Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Chromatin Modification in iPS Cells01:32

Chromatin Modification in iPS Cells

Chromatin modification alters gene expression; therefore, scientists can add histone-modifying enzymes, histone variants, and chromatin remodeling complexes to somatic cells to aid reprogramming into pluripotent stem (iPS) cells.
Compact chromatin makes reprogramming difficult. Enzymes, such as histone demethylases and acetyltransferases, are often added during reprogramming to loosen the chromatin, making the DNA more accessible to transcription factors. Molecules that inhibit histone...
Nucleosome Remodeling02:54

Nucleosome Remodeling

Nucleosomes are the basic units of chromatin compaction. Each nucleosome consists of the DNA bound tightly around a histone core, which makes the DNA inaccessible to DNA binding proteins such as DNA polymerase and RNA polymerase. Hence, the fundamental problem is to ensure access to DNA when appropriate, despite the compact and protective chromatin structure.
Nucleosome remodeling complex
Eukaryotic cells have specialized enzymes called ATP-dependent nucleosome remodeling enzymes. These enzymes...
T Cell Types and Functions01:24

T Cell Types and Functions

When T cells with CD4 markers are activated, they give rise to two types of effector cells: helper T cells and regulatory T cells. Meanwhile, T cells with CD8 markers differentiate into effector cytotoxic T cells. The differentiation of CD4 T cells into helper T cell subsets, such as Th1, Th2, and Th17 cells, is dependent on the antigen type, antigen-presenting cell, and regulatory cytokines.
Th1 cells stimulate dendritic cells to express necessary co-stimulatory molecules on their surfaces for...
Spreading of Chromatin Modifications02:25

Spreading of Chromatin Modifications

The histone proteins in the nucleosomes are post-translationally modified (PTM) to increase or decrease access to DNA. The commonly observed PTMs are methylation, acetylation, phosphorylation, and ubiquitination of lysine amino acids in the histone H3 tail region. These histone modifications have specific meaning for the cell. Hence, they are called "histone code". The protein complex involved in histone modification is termed as "reader-writer" complex.
Writers
The writer is an enzyme that can...
Chromatin Structure Regulates pre-mRNA Processing02:41

Chromatin Structure Regulates pre-mRNA Processing

In eukaryotic cells, nascent mRNA transcripts need to undergo many post-transcriptional modifications to reach the cell cytoplasm and translate into functional proteins. For a long time, transcription and pre-mRNA processing were considered two independent events that occur sequentially in the cell. However, it has now been well established that transcription and pre-mRNA processing are two simultaneous processes that are precisely regulated inside the cell.
The chromatin structure, especially...
Heterochromatin02:38

Heterochromatin

The extent of chromatin compaction can be studied by staining chromatin using specific DNA binding dyes. Under the microscope, the dense-compacted regions that take up more dye are called heterochromatin. Heterochromatin is further classified into two forms – constitutive heterochromatin and facultative heterochromatin.
Constitutive heterochromatin: It is a highly compact region of chromatin that is mostly concentrated in the centromere and telomere. Unlike euchromatin, the amino acid at 9th...

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

CNS1-dependent regulatory T cells shape recovery from acute lung injury.

Journal of immunology (Baltimore, Md. : 1950)·2026
Same author

PIWIL1 activates the R2TP-TELO2-mTORC1 axis independently of piRNA to promote TOP mRNA translation in gastric cancer.

Oncogene·2026
Same author

Are European diets healthy and sustainable? Evidence from nine countries using the planetary health diet framework.

European journal of nutrition·2026
Same author

Quantifying the health-care burden of temperature in the National Health Service in England: an economic analysis of resource use and costs.

The Lancet. Planetary health·2025
Same author

Author Correction: AIM2 in regulatory T cells restrains autoimmune diseases.

Nature·2025
Same author

Cryo-EM structure of the RfxCas13d-crRNA-off-target-RNA complex.

Structure (London, England : 1993)·2025
Same journal

Vagus nerve stimulation alleviates anxiety by inhibiting ferroptosis-related neuronal damage through α7nAChR.

International immunopharmacology·2026
Same journal

The mechanism of intestinal IgA class switching regulated by TRIM21 through down-regulation of AID in IgA nephropathy.

International immunopharmacology·2026
Same journal

The multifaceted functions of STING in CD4<sup>+</sup> T cell biology.

International immunopharmacology·2026
Same journal

PCIF1-mediated m6Am modification activates USP5/BRD4 axis to promote glycolysis-driven immunosuppression in multiple myeloma.

International immunopharmacology·2026
Same journal

METTL3 promotes miR-146a maturation to suppress type I interferon responses in enterovirus 71 infection.

International immunopharmacology·2026
Same journal

Corrigendum to "Oroxylin A suppress LL-37 generated rosacea-like skin inflammation through the modulation of SIRT3-SOD2-NF-κB signaling pathway" [Int. Immunopharmacol. 129 (2024) 111636].

International immunopharmacology·2026
See all related articles

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 22, 2026

Repressing Gene Transcription by Redirecting Cellular Machinery with Chemical Epigenetic Modifiers
10:28

Repressing Gene Transcription by Redirecting Cellular Machinery with Chemical Epigenetic Modifiers

Published on: September 20, 2018

Chromatin remodeling complex in Treg function.

Anant Jani1, Tian Chi, Yisong Y Wan

  • 1Department of Immunobiology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06520, USA.

International Immunopharmacology
|June 23, 2009
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Deleting the Brg gene in mice disrupts regulatory T cells (Treg), leading to autoimmune diseases and lymphoproliferative syndrome. This highlights Brg

More Related Videos

Generation and Purification of Human INO80 Chromatin Remodeling Complexes and Subcomplexes
08:44

Generation and Purification of Human INO80 Chromatin Remodeling Complexes and Subcomplexes

Published on: October 23, 2014

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Jun 22, 2026

Repressing Gene Transcription by Redirecting Cellular Machinery with Chemical Epigenetic Modifiers
10:28

Repressing Gene Transcription by Redirecting Cellular Machinery with Chemical Epigenetic Modifiers

Published on: September 20, 2018

Generation and Purification of Human INO80 Chromatin Remodeling Complexes and Subcomplexes
08:44

Generation and Purification of Human INO80 Chromatin Remodeling Complexes and Subcomplexes

Published on: October 23, 2014

Area of Science:

  • Immunology
  • Molecular Biology
  • Genetics

Background:

  • Regulatory T cells (Treg) are crucial for immune homeostasis and preventing autoimmunity.
  • The BAF complex, containing Brg, is vital for gene regulation and embryonic development.
  • Previous studies showed Brg deletion causes embryonic lethality and T cell developmental failure.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the role of Brg in T cell development and function.
  • To understand the specific impact of Brg deletion on regulatory T cells (Treg).
  • To explore the mechanisms by which the Brg-containing BAF complex controls Treg function.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized a Brg conditional knockout (KO) mouse model.
  • Deleted Brg specifically at the DP stage in the thymus.
  • Analyzed T cell development, maturation, and function, including Treg populations and cytokine production.

Main Results:

  • T cell development and maturation were normal despite Brg deletion at the DP stage.
  • Mice exhibited lymphoproliferative syndrome, enlarged lymphoid organs, and non-lymphoid organ infiltration.
  • Treg populations were specifically affected, with T cells showing enhanced effector function and cytokine production.

Conclusions:

  • Brg deletion at the DP stage does not impede T cell development but leads to Treg dysfunction.
  • This dysfunction results in lymphoproliferative syndrome and autoimmunity.
  • The Brg-containing BAF complex plays a critical, specific role in maintaining Treg function.