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Birth Control Methods01:22

Birth Control Methods

Vasectomy is a surgical form of male sterilization that involves severing and sealing the vasa deferentia, preventing sperm from mixing with semen during ejaculation. Because a vasectomy does not impact the testes' ability to produce testosterone, hormone levels, libido, and sexual function generally remain unchanged. While vasectomy is highly effective in preventing pregnancy, with a success rate near 99.85%, rare cases of recanalization (spontaneous reconnection) can occur. Although vasectomy...
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Drug Regulation01:25

Drug Regulation

Drug regulation encompasses the management of drug usage by evaluating its safety and efficacy through assessments conducted by regulatory authorities. Regrettably, the history of drug regulation is marred by several catastrophic events. One such incident is the Elixir Sulfanilamide tragedy, in which the toxic compound diethyl glycol was included in a sweet-tasting medication, leading to numerous fatalities. This event prompted the enactment of the Food, Drug, and Cosmetic Act in 1938. Under...
Ethical Dilemmas I01:17

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Telephone and Verbal Reports in healthcare settings are two communication methods for conveying therapeutic instructions from healthcare providers to nurses or other healthcare staff.
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Updated: Jun 22, 2026

Auricular Point Acupressure Therapy: A Safe and Effective Treatment for Postsurgical Abortion Recovery
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Published on: February 3, 2026

Rights to emergency contraception.

Edith Weisberg1, Ian S Fraser

  • 1Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia.

International Journal of Gynaecology and Obstetrics: the Official Organ of the International Federation of Gynaecology and Obstetrics
|June 23, 2009
PubMed
Summary

Emergency contraception (EC) ensures reproductive health by preventing pregnancy after unprotected sex. Ensuring unrestricted access to EC is crucial for women's autonomy and well-being.

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Published on: January 1, 2018

Area of Science:

  • Reproductive Health
  • Medical Ethics
  • Women's Rights

Background:

  • Emergency contraception (EC) is a safe method to prevent pregnancy after unprotected intercourse or contraceptive failure.
  • Unintended pregnancies carry significant social and economic burdens for individuals and families.
  • Access to EC is recognized as a legitimate aspect of fertility control.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To affirm women's right to access emergency contraception.
  • To advocate for the removal of barriers to EC access.
  • To address the ethical considerations surrounding EC provision.

Main Methods:

  • This study is a review of ethical principles and access barriers related to emergency contraception.
  • It examines the tension between women's reproductive rights and providers' conscientious objections.
  • Ethical principles of autonomy, non-maleficence, and beneficence are applied.

Main Results:

  • The right to access EC must be affirmed, with barriers to access removed for maximum effectiveness.
  • EC pills should be available over-the-counter without age restrictions.
  • Ethical principles support unrestricted access to EC for women.

Conclusions:

  • Unrestricted access to emergency contraception is ethically supported by principles of autonomy, non-maleficence, and beneficence.
  • Removing barriers, including age restrictions and over-the-counter availability, is essential.
  • The right of women to access EC outweighs provider objections based on religious or moral grounds.