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Related Concept Videos

Multiple Sclerosis l: Introduction01:19

Multiple Sclerosis l: Introduction

Multiple sclerosis is a chronic autoimmune disease of the central nervous system (CNS) that affects the brain, spinal cord, and optic nerves. It is an inflammatory demyelinating disorder and a leading cause of neurological disability in young adults.EpidemiologyMS commonly begins between 20 and 40 years of age and is twice as common in women. Its exact cause remains unclear, but genetic susceptibility contributes, with higher risk in first-degree relatives and identical twins. A greater...
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 22, 2026

Modeling Multiple Sclerosis in the Two Sexes: MOG35-55-Induced Experimental Autoimmune Encephalomyelitis
05:44

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Published on: October 13, 2023

Estrogen treatment in multiple sclerosis.

Stefan M Gold1, Rhonda R Voskuhl

  • 1Department of Neurology, Geffen School of Medicine, University of California Los Angeles, USA.

Journal of the Neurological Sciences
|June 23, 2009
PubMed
Summary

New treatments are needed for multiple sclerosis (MS) that address both inflammation and neurodegeneration. Estrogens show promise, with early trials indicating potential benefits for MS patients.

Area of Science:

  • Neuroimmunology
  • Endocrinology
  • Neurology

Background:

  • Current multiple sclerosis (MS) therapies primarily target inflammatory lesions and relapses, with limited impact on disease-related disability.
  • A significant unmet need exists for treatments addressing both the inflammatory and neurodegenerative aspects of MS.
  • Emerging research highlights the potential therapeutic role of estrogens in managing MS.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To explore the immunomodulatory and neuroprotective mechanisms of estrogens in the context of multiple sclerosis.
  • To evaluate the efficacy of estrogen-based therapies for multiple sclerosis.
  • To report on the ongoing investigation of estrogen treatment in phase II clinical trials for MS.

Main Methods:

  • Review of basic science and clinical studies investigating estrogen's effects in MS.

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An In Vivo Estrogen Deficiency Mouse Model for Screening Exogenous Estrogen Treatments of Cardiovascular Dysfunction After Menopause
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  • Analysis of immunomodulatory and neuroprotective pathways associated with estrogen action.
  • Monitoring results from ongoing phase II clinical trials of estrogen treatment in MS patients.

    • Main Results:

    • Estrogens exhibit both immunomodulatory and direct neuroprotective effects relevant to MS.
    • A preliminary pilot trial of oral estriol demonstrated encouraging outcomes in MS treatment.
    • Multiple phase II trials are currently in progress to further assess estrogen efficacy.

    Conclusions:

    • Estrogen-based therapies represent a promising novel treatment strategy for multiple sclerosis.
    • Targeting both inflammatory and neurodegenerative processes may offer improved outcomes for MS patients.
    • Further clinical trials are essential to establish the definitive role of estrogens in MS management.