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Related Concept Videos

Neuroplasticity01:01

Neuroplasticity

Neuroplasticity reflects the brain's remarkable capacity to adapt and evolve, responding dynamically to learning, experiences, or injury by reorganizing its neural circuitry. This reorganization involves creating new neural connections and refining old ones through a series of biological processes that contribute to the brain's lifelong development and adaptability.
Plasticity00:58

Plasticity

Plasticity is the property where an object loses its elasticity and undergoes irreversible deformation, even after the deformation forces are eliminated. If a material deforms irreversibly without increasing stress or load, then this is called ideal plasticity. For example, when a force is applied to an aluminum rod, it changes its shape, but it does not return to its original shape once the force is removed. Plastic deformation or ductility is thus a permanent deformation or change in the...
Vision01:24

Vision

Vision is the result of light being detected and transduced into neural signals by the retina of the eye. This information is then further analyzed and interpreted by the brain. First, light enters the front of the eye and is focused by the cornea and lens onto the retina—a thin sheet of neural tissue lining the back of the eye. Because of refraction through the convex lens of the eye, images are projected onto the retina upside-down and reversed.
Motor and Sensory Areas of the Cortex01:14

Motor and Sensory Areas of the Cortex

The cerebral cortex, the brain's outermost layer, is pivotal in processing complex cognitive tasks, emotions, and various sensory inputs and executing voluntary motor activities. This intricate structure is divided into three primary functional areas: the motor areas, sensory areas, and association areas.
Motor Areas
The motor areas located in the frontal lobe are central to controlling voluntary movements. This region is further subdivided into the primary motor cortex and the premotor cortex.
Prosopagnosia01:24

Prosopagnosia

Prosopagnosia, also known as face blindness, is the inability to recognize faces. In severe cases, individuals with prosopagnosia may not recognize close family members, including parents and spouses, by their faces. For instance, someone with prosopagnosia might walk past their child in a crowd, only realizing their mistake upon noticing their child's distinctive backpack or favorite jacket. Prosopagnosia specifically impairs facial recognition, while the recognition of other objects or...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 22, 2026

Monocular Visual Deprivation and Ocular Dominance Plasticity Measurement in the Mouse Primary Visual Cortex
08:42

Monocular Visual Deprivation and Ocular Dominance Plasticity Measurement in the Mouse Primary Visual Cortex

Published on: February 8, 2020

Advances in understanding visual cortex plasticity.

Portia A McCoy1, Hsien-Sung Huang, Benjamin D Philpot

  • 1Department of Cell and Molecular Physiology, Neuroscience Center, Curriculum in Neurobiology, and Neurodevelopmental Disorders Research Center, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC 27599-7545, USA. portia@med.unc.edu

Current Opinion in Neurobiology
|June 23, 2009
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Visual cortical plasticity, both rapid and slow, adapts neuronal responsiveness. Adult brain plasticity is possible through anatomical changes or epigenetic drug treatments, challenging previous critical period limitations.

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Last Updated: Jun 22, 2026

Monocular Visual Deprivation and Ocular Dominance Plasticity Measurement in the Mouse Primary Visual Cortex
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Inducing Long-Term Plasticity of Intrinsic Neuronal Excitability in Neurons of the Dorsal Lateral Geniculate Nucleus

Published on: September 20, 2024

Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Visual System Plasticity
  • Adult Brain Adaptations

Background:

  • Visual cortical plasticity encompasses rapid and slow mechanisms.
  • Neuromodulators regulate rapid synaptic changes; cytokines and NMDA receptors influence homeostatic plasticity.
  • Both plasticity types are crucial for responding to visual impairments.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To explore the mechanisms underlying visual cortical plasticity.
  • To investigate the role of neuromodulators, cytokines, and NMDA receptors in plasticity.
  • To examine the potential for plasticity in adult visual cortex.

Main Methods:

  • In vivo studies examining neural activity and responsiveness.
  • Analysis of synaptic modifications and homeostatic processes.
  • Investigation of experience-driven anatomical rearrangements and epigenetic manipulation.

Main Results:

  • Rapid plasticity is modulated by neuromodulators.
  • Homeostatic plasticity involves cytokine actions and NMDA receptor composition.
  • Adult visual cortex exhibits robust plasticity, contrary to prior beliefs.
  • Experience and epigenetic factors can enable adult plasticity.

Conclusions:

  • Visual cortical plasticity is a complex process involving both rapid and slow mechanisms.
  • Adult brains retain significant plasticity, influenced by experience and epigenetics.
  • The findings challenge the notion of a limited critical period for visual plasticity.