Aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage: neurosurgical frontiers and nursing challenges

Despite increases in survival beyond the initial hemorrhage, the devastating consequences of subarachnoid hemorrhage persist. Ruptured intracranial aneurysms are the most likely cause of subarachnoid hemorrhage, with morbidity and mortality rates approaching 75%. Complications arising from aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage include rebleeding, delayed cerebral ischemia, hydrocephalus, hypothalamic dysfunction, and seizure activity. In order to positively influence outcome after subarachnoid hemorrhage, preservation of an adequate cerebral blood flow and prevention of secondary aneurysmal rupture is essential. This article reviews aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage, relating the management of complications to currently accepted treatment strategies.