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Updated: Jun 22, 2026

Understanding the Changes in Mitochondrial Morphology through Dynamic and Three-dimensional Fluorescence Micrographs
Published on: August 15, 2025
Effects of the BH3-only protein human Noxa on mitochondrial dynamics
Ha-Na Woo1, Young-Woo Seo, Ae Ran Moon
1Institute for Innovative Cancer Research, Asan Medical Center, Pungnap2-Dong, Songpa-Gu, Seoul 138-736, Republic of Korea.
Abstract:
Mitochondria form reticular networks comprised of filamentous tubules and continuously move and change shape. Bcl-2 family proteins actively participate in the regulation of mitochondria fragmentation. Here, we show that human Noxa, which belongs to the BH3-only pro-apoptotic Bcl-2 family, causes mitochondrial fragmentation. We found that while the Bcl-2 homology 3 (BH3) domain of Noxa is not associated with mitochondrial fragmentation, the mitochondrial targeting domain (MTD) of Noxa is the region responsible for inducing fragmentation. Two leucine residues in MTD play a key role in the process. Furthermore, the lack of Noxa causes a significant reduction of Velcade-induced mitochondrial fragmentation. Together, these results provide novel insight into the role of Noxa in mitochondrial dynamics and cell death.
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