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Updated: Jun 22, 2026
Mouse Model of Alloimmune-induced Vascular Rejection and Transplant Arteriosclerosis
Published on: May 17, 2015
Vascular deposition of complement C4d is increased in liver allografts with chronic rejection
Timi Martelius1, Leena Halme, Johanna Arola
1Clinic of Transplantation and Liver Surgery, Helsinki University Hospital and the University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland. timi.martelius@helsinki.fi
Background:
Complement protein C4d has been used as a marker of antibody mediated rejection in kidney allografts. C4d has been shown to be deposited also in chronic kidney allograft rejection, and frequently in acute liver allograft rejection. In chronic liver allograft rejection there is limited data of C4d positivity.
Methods:
7 liver allografts explanted at retransplantation due to chronic rejection were examined for expression of C4d. Immunoperoxidase technique on frozen sections was used. The "zero" biopsies of the same livers at the first transplantation served as controls.
Results:
Expression of C4d was significantly increased in portal and central veins as well as in the portal stroma of the grafts with chronic rejection when compared to the expression at implantation of the graft.
Conclusion:
The complement system and anti-donor antibodies may contribute to the process of chronic allograft rejection in the liver.
