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Related Concept Videos

Hepatitis01:25

Hepatitis

Hepatitis is an inflammatory condition of the liver most commonly caused by hepatotropic viruses (A–E), though non-infectious causes such as alcohol and drugs also exist.Hepatitis AHepatitis A virus (HAV) is a non-enveloped RNA virus of the Picornaviridae family. It is primarily transmitted via the fecal-oral route, typically through ingestion of contaminated food or water. After ingestion, HAV enters the bloodstream through the oropharynx or intestinal epithelium and reaches the liver. The...
Viral Hepatitis I: Introduction01:28

Viral Hepatitis I: Introduction

Viral hepatitis is an inflammatory condition of the liver caused by infection with hepatotropic viruses, most commonly hepatitis A, B, C, D, and E. Despite variations in structure and transmission, all viruses mentioned infect hepatocytes and provoke immune responses that can hinder liver function. Additionally, some non-hepatotropic viruses can also lead to hepatic inflammation.Hepatitis A VirusHepatitis A virus (HAV) is transmitted through the fecal–oral route, typically by ingestion of food...
Cirrhosis II: Pathophysiology01:24

Cirrhosis II: Pathophysiology

Cirrhosis is a progressive chronic liver injury caused by prolonged inflammation, excessive fibrotic remodeling, and impaired regeneration. Over time, repeated hepatic insults disrupt the liver’s architecture and function, leading to reduced blood flow, impaired bile drainage, and diminished metabolic capacity.Pathophysiology of cirrhosisCirrhosis arises from three main responses to chronic liver damage: inflammation, immune activation, and hepatocyte death. These processes lead to structural...
Cirrhosis I: Introduction01:23

Cirrhosis I: Introduction

Cirrhosis is a chronic, irreversible liver disease characterized by the widespread replacement of healthy liver tissue with fibrotic scar tissue and the formation of regenerative nodules.Etiology of cirrhosisCirrhosis results from sustained liver injury that triggers progressive fibrosis and structural remodeling. The underlying causes are diverse, encompassing common and less frequent clinical conditions. Regardless of the origin, all causes lead to chronic inflammation, hepatocyte loss, and...
Liver Regeneration01:24

Liver Regeneration

The liver is an important organ in vertebrates that plays an essential role in metabolism. It is also responsible for storing and redistributing nutrients such as carbohydrates, fats, and vitamins in the body. Additionally, the liver releases bile salts which are critical for digesting food and eliminating toxic metabolites from the body.
Cells of Liver
The liver comprises four major types of cells— hepatocytes, stellate, Kupffer, and sinusoidal endothelial cells. The hepatocytes are large...
Classification of Illness01:17

Classification of Illness

The meaning of illness is individualized to each person who experiences an alteration in health. In contrast, disease is a medical term indicating a pathological change in the structure and function of the body or mind. It is a condition that has specific symptoms and boundaries.
An illness is a response to a disease in which the person's level of functioning is changed compared with a previous level. The general classification of illness includes acute and chronic.
Acute illness is severe and...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 22, 2026

A Protocol for Analyzing Hepatitis C Virus Replication
13:04

A Protocol for Analyzing Hepatitis C Virus Replication

Published on: June 26, 2014

[Hepatitis C: the recovery].

P Marcellin1

  • 1Inserm U773 CRB3, Service d'Hépatologie, Université de Paris-7, Hôpital Beaujon, 92110 Clichy, France. patrick.marcellin@bjn.aphp.fr

Gastroenterologie Clinique Et Biologique
|June 23, 2009
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Hepatitis C virus (HCV) discovery revolutionized hepatology. New protease and polymerase inhibitors offer improved, better-tolerated treatments, potentially replacing older therapies for HCV infection.

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Development of a Hepatitis B Virus Reporter System to Monitor the Early Stages of the Replication Cycle
09:35

Development of a Hepatitis B Virus Reporter System to Monitor the Early Stages of the Replication Cycle

Published on: February 1, 2017

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Jun 22, 2026

A Protocol for Analyzing Hepatitis C Virus Replication
13:04

A Protocol for Analyzing Hepatitis C Virus Replication

Published on: June 26, 2014

Development of a Hepatitis B Virus Reporter System to Monitor the Early Stages of the Replication Cycle
09:35

Development of a Hepatitis B Virus Reporter System to Monitor the Early Stages of the Replication Cycle

Published on: February 1, 2017

Area of Science:

  • Hepatology
  • Virology
  • Infectious Diseases

Context:

  • Hepatitis C virus (HCV) identified in 1989, a significant global health burden causing cirrhosis and liver cancer.
  • Previous therapies like pegylated interferon and ribavirin achieved ~60% sustained virological response.
  • In vitro culture systems enabled characterization of viral enzymes as therapeutic targets.

Purpose:

  • To review the evolution of Hepatitis C virus (HCV) therapy.
  • To highlight the impact of new antiviral agents.
  • To discuss the future of HCV treatment.

Summary:

  • HCV discovery in 1989 was pivotal for hepatology due to its widespread impact.
  • Current treatments combining pegylated interferon and ribavirin offer a ~60% sustained virological response.
  • New protease and polymerase inhibitors, used with existing therapies, enhance efficacy and reduce resistance.
  • These direct-acting antivirals represent a new era, promising more effective and tolerable treatments.

Impact:

  • Viral eradication and regression of liver lesions are achievable with sustained virological response.
  • Novel antiviral therapies are poised to replace interferon and ribavirin, improving patient outcomes.
  • The development of targeted therapies signifies a major advancement in managing Hepatitis C infection.