Primary vaginal extraosseous Ewing sarcoma/primitive neuroectodermal tumor with cranial metastasis

Area of Science:

• Oncology
• Pathology

Background:

• Extraosseous Ewing sarcoma (EES) is part of the Ewing sarcoma/primitive neuroectodermal tumor (PNET) family.
• EES commonly affects soft tissues in children and young adults but rarely involves the female genital tract.

Observation:

• A rare case of vaginal EES/PNET is presented.
• The tumor metastasized to the right frontoparietal scalp, skull, and dura.
• Microscopic examination revealed similar features in both primary vaginal and metastatic head tumors.

Findings:

• The patient underwent surgical resection of both tumors.
• Adjuvant radiotherapy and chemotherapy were administered post-surgery.
• A favorable clinical outcome was achieved following the multimodal treatment approach.

Implications:

• This case underscores the possibility of vaginal EES/PNET, even in rare instances.
• It emphasizes the importance of considering EES/PNET in the differential diagnosis of soft tissue tumors in this location.
• The successful treatment outcome suggests that aggressive multimodal therapy can be effective for metastatic EES/PNET.