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Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease

Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease

COPD is defined as a heterogeneous lung condition marked by persistent respiratory symptoms such as dyspnea, cough, and sputum production, caused by abnormalities in the airways that cause airflow obstruction.
Smoking is a primary risk factor for COPD, with over 80% of patients having a history of it. Patients typically experience progressive dyspnea or labored breathing, frequent coughing, and recurrent pulmonary infections. Many eventually succumb to respiratory failure, characterized by...

Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease-III: Symptoms and Complications.

Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease-III: Symptoms and Complications.

Understanding the variety of primary symptoms and systemic complications that characterize chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is crucial for healthcare professionals.
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Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease-I: Introduction

Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease-I: Introduction

Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD) is a long-lasting respiratory condition requiring continuous attention and care. It is a progressive lung disease that leads to breathing challenges due to airflow obstruction. It manifests as persistent respiratory symptoms and restricted airflow resulting from abnormalities in the airways and alveoli, usually due to long-term exposure to harmful particles or gases. COPD mainly consists of two primary conditions: emphysema and chronic bronchitis.

Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease-II: Pathophysiology

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Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease-V: Management

Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease-V: Management

Managing Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD) involves a multifaceted approach to reduce symptoms, prevent exacerbations, improve overall health status, and slow disease progression. Key strategies include lifestyle modifications, pharmacotherapy, supportive therapies, and, in some cases, surgery. Here is an overview of the primary COPD management strategies:
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Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease IV: Clinical Manifestations

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Updated: Jun 22, 2026

Assessment of Vascular Function in Patients With Chronic Kidney Disease

Assessment of Vascular Function in Patients With Chronic Kidney Disease

Published on: June 16, 2014

Vascular dysfunction in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease.

John D Maclay¹, David A McAllister, Nicholas L Mills

¹Centre for Inflammation Research, Edinburgh University, Edinburgh, United Kingdom.

American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine

|June 23, 2009

Summary

This summary is machine-generated.

Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is linked to increased arterial stiffness, independent of smoking history. This arterial stiffness may explain the higher cardiovascular disease risk in COPD patients.

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Ultrasound Assessment of Endothelial-Dependent Flow-Mediated Vasodilation of the Brachial Artery in Clinical Research

Ultrasound Assessment of Endothelial-Dependent Flow-Mediated Vasodilation of the Brachial Artery in Clinical Research

Published on: October 22, 2014

Area of Science:

Cardiovascular Physiology
Pulmonary Medicine
Vascular Biology

Background:

Cardiovascular disease (CVD) is a significant cause of mortality in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD).
Systemic vascular function abnormalities may contribute to CVD risk in COPD.
The role of COPD itself versus smoking history in vascular dysfunction remains unclear.

Purpose of the Study:

To comprehensively assess vascular function in COPD patients compared to healthy controls.
To match subjects for smoking history to isolate the effects of COPD on vascular function.

Main Methods:

Eighteen men with COPD and 17 healthy male controls, matched for age and smoking history, were studied.
Vascular function was assessed using pulse wave velocity and pulse wave analysis.
Endothelium-dependent and -independent vasodilation and tissue plasminogen activator (t-PA) release were measured during infusions of various vasodilators.

Main Results:

Patients with COPD exhibited significantly greater arterial stiffness (higher pulse wave velocity and augmentation index) compared to controls.
No significant differences were found in endothelium-dependent or -independent vasodilation between the groups.
Bradykinin-induced endothelial t-PA release was also similar in both COPD patients and controls.

Conclusions:

COPD is associated with increased arterial stiffness, a finding independent of prior cigarette smoke exposure.
Systemic endothelial dysfunction does not appear to explain the increased arterial stiffness in COPD.
Increased arterial stiffness may be a key mechanism linking COPD to elevated cardiovascular disease risk.