Search research articles

ABOUT JoVE

Overview Leadership Blog JoVE Help Center

AUTHORS

Publishing Process Editorial Board Scope & Policies Peer Review FAQ Submit

LIBRARIANS

Testimonials Subscriptions Access Resources Library Advisory Board FAQ

RESEARCH

JoVE Journal Methods Collections JoVE Encyclopedia of Experiments Archive

EDUCATION

JoVE Core JoVE Business JoVE Science Education JoVE Lab Manual Faculty Resource Center Faculty Site

Terms & Conditions of Use

Related Concept Videos

Heart Failure Drugs: Inhibitors of Renin-Angiotensin System

Heart Failure Drugs: Inhibitors of Renin-Angiotensin System

The activation of the sympathetic nervous system and the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system (RAAS) contributes to cardiac remodeling, and inhibiting the RAAS is a pharmacological target in heart failure management. As a result, neurohumoral modulation is a crucial treatment principle for managing heart failure. This approach involves using medications like ACE inhibitors (ACEIs), angiotensin receptor blockers (ARBs), β-blockers, mineralocorticoid receptor antagonists (MRAs), and neutral...

Cardiomyopathy I: Introduction and Classification

Cardiomyopathy I: Introduction and Classification

Cardiomyopathy, or CMP, is a group of diseases affecting the myocardial structure, impairing its ability to pump blood effectively. This condition can lead to arrhythmias, heart failure, or sudden cardiac death.Cardiomyopathies are classified into primary and secondary categories:Primary Cardiomyopathy refers to conditions involving only the heart muscle that are often idiopathic (of unknown cause) or genetic. They primarily affect the myocardium without the involvement of other systemic...

Cardiomyopathy II: Dilated Cardiomyopathy

Cardiomyopathy II: Dilated Cardiomyopathy

Dilated cardiomyopathy, or DCM, is a progressive myocardial disorder characterized by ventricular chamber dilation and contractile dysfunction.EtiologyVarious factors can cause DCM, including hypertension and heavy alcohol intake, which contribute to the weakening and enlargement of the heart muscle. Viral infections, such as Coxsackievirus B, adenoviruses, and influenza, can lead to DCM by causing inflammation and damage to heart tissue. Certain chemotherapeutic agents, including daunorubicin,...

Heart Failure Drugs: Diuretics

Heart Failure Drugs: Diuretics

Heart failure and kidney perfusion are interconnected in a complex way. Reduced renal perfusion and venous congestion are two significant factors that contribute to renal dysfunction in heart failure. The kidneys, primarily responsible for fluid balance in the body, are adversely affected due to compromised cardiac output and increased venous pressure. In response to reduced renal perfusion, the kidneys activate neurohumoral mechanisms to restore balance. However, these mechanisms can be...

Cardiomyopathy IV: Restrictive Cardiomyopathy

Cardiomyopathy IV: Restrictive Cardiomyopathy

Restrictive cardiomyopathy (RCM) is a rare heart muscle disease characterized by impaired ventricular filling due to stiffened ventricular walls, leading to significant diastolic dysfunction.EtiologyRestrictive cardiomyopathy can arise from both inherited and acquired diseases, many of which are systemic. It is categorized into four main types: infiltrative, storage, non-infiltrative, and endomyocardial diseases.Infiltrative diseases, such as amyloidosis, lead to RCM by depositing amyloid...

Cardiomyopathy V: Interprofessional Care

Cardiomyopathy V: Interprofessional Care

Managing cardiomyopathy involves addressing underlying or precipitating causes, treating heart failure with medications, and implementing dietary changes and a balanced exercise and rest regimen.Lifestyle ModificationsCardiomyopathy patients should adopt a low-sodium diet to reduce fluid retention and manage heart failure. A personalized exercise and rest plan helps maintain physical fitness without overstraining the heart. Avoiding alcohol and tobacco is essential to prevent further damage to...

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by

Same author

Hepatorenal syndrome treated for eight months with continuous-flow peritoneal dialysis.

Advances in peritoneal dialysis. Conference on Peritoneal Dialysis·2013

Same author

Year in review 2012: Critical Care--Nephrology.

Critical care (London, England)·2013

Same author

Healthcare systems and chronic kidney disease: putting the patient in control.

Nephrology, dialysis, transplantation : official publication of the European Dialysis and Transplant Association - European Renal Association·2013

Same author

Neutrophil gelatinase associated lipocalin in acute kidney injury.

Postgraduate medicine·2013

Same author

Ultrafiltration therapy for acute decompensated heart failure: lessons learned from 2 major trials.

American heart journal·2013

Same author

Potential use of biomarkers in acute kidney injury: report and summary of recommendations from the 10th Acute Dialysis Quality Initiative consensus conference.

Kidney international·2013

Search research articles

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 22, 2026

A Mouse 5/6th Nephrectomy Model That Induces Experimental Uremic Cardiomyopathy

A Mouse 5/6^th Nephrectomy Model That Induces Experimental Uremic Cardiomyopathy

Published on: November 7, 2017

Cardiorenal syndromes.

Claudio Ronco¹, Dinna N Cruz, Federico Ronco

¹Department of Nephrology, Ospedale San Bortolo, Vicenza, Italy. cronco@goldnet.it

Current Opinion in Critical Care

|June 23, 2009

Summary

This summary is machine-generated.

A new definition for cardiorenal syndrome classifies it into five subtypes based on heart and kidney dysfunction. This classification aids in understanding distinct clinical scenarios and developing targeted treatments.

More Related Videos

Multilevel Microdissection and Functional-Structural Profiling of Human Renal Arterial Branches

Multilevel Microdissection and Functional-Structural Profiling of Human Renal Arterial Branches

Published on: September 5, 2025

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Jun 22, 2026

A Mouse 5/6th Nephrectomy Model That Induces Experimental Uremic Cardiomyopathy

A Mouse 5/6^th Nephrectomy Model That Induces Experimental Uremic Cardiomyopathy

Published on: November 7, 2017

Multilevel Microdissection and Functional-Structural Profiling of Human Renal Arterial Branches

Multilevel Microdissection and Functional-Structural Profiling of Human Renal Arterial Branches

Published on: September 5, 2025

Area of Science:

Cardiology
Nephrology
Cardiorenal Medicine

Background:

Cardiorenal syndrome involves complex interactions between heart and kidney dysfunction.
Previous classifications lacked specificity for diverse clinical presentations.

Purpose of the Study:

To identify mechanisms underlying combined heart-kidney dysfunction.
To propose a refined definition and classification of cardiorenal syndrome.

Main Methods:

Review of existing literature on cardiorenal syndrome.
Analysis of the bidirectionality and temporal aspects of the syndrome.

Main Results:

A new definition of cardiorenal syndrome is proposed, encompassing five subtypes: acute cardiorenal syndrome (type 1), chronic cardiorenal syndrome (type 2), acute renocardiac syndrome (type 3), chronic renocardiac syndrome (type 4), and secondary cardiorenal syndrome (type 5).
This classification distinguishes between primary disorders and sequelae in various clinical scenarios.

Conclusions:

The new classification enhances characterization of clinical scenarios and patient identification.
It facilitates the development and testing of diagnostic tools, prevention strategies, and therapeutic measures for cardiorenal syndrome.
Biomarkers are crucial for early diagnosis and clearer definition of cardiorenal syndrome subtypes.